Antony van Leeuwenhoek: tercentenary of his discovery of bacteria

Porter, J. R.

doi:10.1128/br.40.2.260-269.1976

Cited by 63 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Preventive medicine implies a proper knowledge of the aetiology and epidemiology of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, several examples of preventive measures have been found that date to 2000 bc [ 5 ], long before microorganisms such as moulds and bacteria were discovered in 1676 [ 7 ]. Over time, different protective measures against infectious diseases were identified and proven effective based on observation and trial and error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity Concept: Origins, Evolution and Perspectives

Renault

Humblet

Saegerman

2021

Animals

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Originally used in reference to the management of biological weapons and bio-terrorism, the term biosecurity was first used in the agricultural sector in the 1980s as “the sum of risk management practices in the defence against biological threats”. This term was then taken up in different strategic documents of different organisations, so multiple definitions and understandings co-exist. This short communication reviews the origins and evolution of the biosecurity concept and discusses the future perspectives of biosecurity in regard to the One Health Approach and the changing environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity Concept: Origins, Evolution and Perspectives

Renault

Humblet

Saegerman

2021

Animals

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“…Modern micro-lens fabrication technology is another prime example of scalable manufacturing. Although the use of high-curvature miniature lenses traces back to Antony van Leeuwenhoek's seminal discovery of microbial life forms (8), manufacturing micro-lenses in bulk was not possible until recently. Modern techniques such as micro-scale plastic molding and centerless ball-grinding have grown to serve numerous applications, including telecommunication fiber couplers, cell phone cameras, and medical endoscopes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Foldscope: Origami-Based Paper Microscope

2014

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Here we describe an ultra-low-cost origami-based approach for large-scale manufacturing of microscopes, specifically demonstrating brightfield, darkfield, and fluorescence microscopes. Merging principles of optical design with origami enables high-volume fabrication of microscopes from 2D media. Flexure mechanisms created via folding enable a flat compact design. Structural loops in folded paper provide kinematic constraints as a means for passive self-alignment. This light, rugged instrument can survive harsh field conditions while providing a diversity of imaging capabilities, thus serving wide-ranging applications for cost-effective, portable microscopes in science and education.

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“…[ 29 ] Due to their small size, the observation of bacteria was only made possible with the advent of microscopy, with the first visualization reported by the Dutch scientist Antony van Leeuwenhoek around 1676. [ 30 ] The association of microorganisms with the cause of disease was only established 200 years later following the work of the German medical doctor Robert Koch with Bacillus anthracis bacteria (anthrax disease). [ 31 ] Also in the 1880s, the Danish scientist Hans Christian Joachim Gram developed a staining technique that discriminated two distinctive structures of the bacteria outer envelope (or cell wall).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Activated Conjugated Polymers for Antibacterial Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy

Abelha

Caires

2021

Advanced NanoBiomed Research

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With the growing crisis of the availability of effective antimicrobial treatments, the use of phototherapy has gained increasing interest as an alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy. Even though phototherapy is already used in the clinic, there is an emerging interest in new materials with enhanced antimicrobial activity triggered by light. Among the different light‐responsive materials, conjugated polymers are emerging candidates with successful application in the field of antimicrobial photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Due to their organic composition, easy processability, tailorability of physicochemical properties, and capability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat generation, their use as photoresponsive agents against bacteria has greatly expanded. Conjugated polymers have been designed to interact with specific bacterial targets, and their chemical composition has been optimized to enhance ROS and/or heat generation and new cationic polymers have been developed for augmented water solubility and increased interaction with negatively charged bacteria. Herein, the use of conjugated polymers in the field of phototherapy is discussed, focusing on the different approaches that have improved their performance against bacteria and their current preclinical safety assessment.

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Antony van Leeuwenhoek: tercentenary of his discovery of bacteria

Cited by 63 publications

References 11 publications

Biosecurity Concept: Origins, Evolution and Perspectives

Biosecurity Concept: Origins, Evolution and Perspectives

Foldscope: Origami-Based Paper Microscope

Light‐Activated Conjugated Polymers for Antibacterial Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy

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