Ants Can Acquire Multiple Symbolisms

Abstract

The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti were previously shown to be able to associate a given amount to its corresponding symbol, one symbol at a time. It was here examined if they can simultaneously learn to associate the amount 1 with a corresponding symbol, the amount 2 with another symbol, the amount 3 with a third symbol, and the amount 4 with a fourth symbol, the cue to avoid being the amount 5. Thanks to operant conditioning during 156 hours and twelve successive testing experiments, it was shown that the ants can effectively memorize, in the course of a same time period, the association between the amounts 1, 2, 3, and 4 and their respective symbols. A distance effect was observed for the learning of the amounts 1 to 4 versus 5, but not for the learning of their four corresponding symbols.

Ants Can Add Up Using Learned Numeric Symbols

“…However, bees can also acquire numerical symbolism: they can associate shapes not evoking numerosities with a given number of elements (2 or 3 elements) (Howard, Avarguès-Weber, Garcia, Greentree, & Dyer, 2019c). As for the ant M. sabuleti, we have shown that they can acquire single (Cammaerts & Cammaerts, 2020b) as well as multiple numerical symbolisms (Cammaerts & Cammaerts, 2020c).…”

Ants’ Acquisition of A Symbol for Zero and Its Use to Add

“…While studying the ants' acquisition of multiple numerical symbolisms, a distance effect was observed in the ants' responses since they were trained to the numbers 1 to 4 faced with the number 5 (Cammaerts & Cammaerts, 2020d). Quite the reverse, while studying the ants' adding up symbols, no distance effect was observed since the ants were trained with numbers 1 to 4 versus zero (Cammaerts & Cammaerts, 2020e).…”