Ion channels are proteins embedded in the cell membrane, creating openings, called "pores", frequently become the focal points of neurotoxins (Wakeling et al., 2012).. Permethrin acts on the nerve cell membrane by disrupting the function of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). This results in delayed repolarization and subsequent paralysis and death of the parasite in all stages (Lobo and Wheller, 2021). VGSCs comprise a central subunit that forms the pore (a subunit) and an additional auxiliary subunit. The a subunit contains four domains (I-IV) each with 6 transmembrane segments (S1-S6). The channel pore, responsible for Na+ selectivity, is constituted by the fifth and sixth transmembrane segments (S5 and S6) along with the interconnecting loop. The S4 segments, containing positively charged amino acids, act as voltage sensors, instigatingFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology frontiersin.org 01