ANXA9, SLC27A3, FABP3 and FABP4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to milk production traits in Jersey cows

Abstract

Milk components originating from blood plasma substrates are synthesized in epithelial cells of the mammary gland. Milk lipids are synthesized from fatty acids which bind to specific proteins – FABPs (fatty acid binding proteins). FABPs are a family of small cytoplasmic proteins; nine members of the family have been identified so far (FABP1–FABP9) (Chmurzyńska et al., 2006). Their main roles include fatty acid uptake, transport and metabolism. FABPs can modulate the fatty acid concentration in cells and therefore they affect different cellular processes, especially lipid metabolism. FABP3 and FABP4 are present in tissues with a high demand for fatty acids, such as heart muscle, skeletal muscles, lactating mammary gland, liver or adipose tissue (Roy et al., 2003). FABP3 gene was mapped to bovine chromosome 2 (Calvo et al., 2004), where QTLs affecting milk fat yield and content were described (Khatkar et al., 2004). FABP4 gene was mapped to BTA14 (Michal et al., 2006), which is very rich in QTLs for milk production traits (Khatkar et al., 2004). Fatty acid transport is assisted by the specific proteins called FATPs (fatty acid transport proteins). This protein group includes SLC27A3 (solute carrier family 27, member 3). It belongs to the family of proteins that facilitate long-chain fatty acid transport across the cytoplasmic membrane. Another protein with similar functions is ANXA9 (annexin A9), the member of Ca2+ and phospholipid-binding protein family (Calvo et al., 2006b). Genes encoding SLC27A3 and ANXA9 were mapped to chromosome 3, within the region where QTLs for milk fat content and the other milk traits have been mapped. Both of the above-mentioned genes are expressed in the mammary gland (Calvo et al., 2006b). The polymorphic sites (SNPs – single nucleotide polymorphisms) within the bovine FABP3, FABP4, SLC27A3 and ANXA9 genes were identified (Wu et al., 2005; Calvo et al., 2006b; Michal et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2008). Associations between SNPs in these genes and milk production traits in cattle have not been reported so far. However, polymorphism in the FABP4 gene has been significantly associated with carcass traits in cattle (Michal et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2008). Due to their expression sites, physiological properties and chromosomal localisation, the described genes might be considered as candidate genes for milk production traits. The aim of this study was to determine allele and genotype frequencies and to establish possible associations between the ANXA9, SLC27A3, FABP3 and FABP4 SNPs, and selected milk traits in Jersey cows.

Effects of season and time of milking on spontaneous and induced lipolysis in bovine milk fat

“…It was suggested that the increased milk content of FFA in late lactation is associated with a poor energy intake at the end of the pasture season (September to November). Body fat deposits are mobilised, and FFA as a source of energy are released into the blood and transported into milk (Kulig et al 2010). The fat content and the fat/protein ratio in milk therefore belong among the most important indicators of energy balance in animals (Sojková et al 2010;Ducháček et al 2012).…”

“…High milk yields and a limited ability of feed intake in early lactation trigger the process of lipomobilisation and the release of energy from the body fat reserves (Gonzáles et al 2011). As a result, the contents of fat and FFA increase both in blood and milk (Kulig et al 2010). Therefore, the content of FFA may indicate the health status of dairy cows (Hanuš et al 2004).…”

Polymorphism in ovine ANXA9 gene and the physio‐chemical properties and the fraction of protein in milk

“…[14][15][16] The studies of the relationship between polymorphism in the ANXA9 gene and the performance traits of milk have so far been carried out mainly in relation to dairy cattle, and the studied polymorphism is a substitution in exon 5 (position 951 A > G), resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence (H → A). [16][17][18][19][20] The work of Kulig et al 18 showed a statistically significant association of this polymorphism with the fat content in milk. The regression analysis presented by Martinez-Royo et al 20 showed a statistically significant impact of genotype (GG) on estimated breeding value for the fat content in cows' milk.…”

Identification of the association between <i>FABP4</i> gene polymorphisms and milk production traits in Sfakia sheep

“…Limited information is available regarding the effect of FABP4 on milk production traits in livestock. In Jersey cattle, Kulig et al (2010) studied variation in two regions of the bovine FABP4 gene (from nucleotides 5433 to 6106 and from nucleotides 7417 to 7868), for the accession number AAFC01136716, and found no associations between the FABP4 polymorphism and daily milk yield, percentage fat content, or percentage protein content. For the same regions of FABP4 in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, Kulig et al (2013) revealed a significant effect for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; c.328G > A) on the estimated breeding values for protein yield (P < 0.05) and percentage protein content (P < 0.01).…”