Anxieties About Modernization, Concerns About Community, and Fear of Crime

Hirtenlehner, Helmut; Farrall, Stephen

doi:10.1177/1057567712475307

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It goes beyond standard criminological ''fear of crime'' theories by considering the need/motivation for protective gun ownership as driven by more than just a specific threat but also by a diffuse threat emanating from the belief that the world is a dangerous and unpredictable place. This model is consistent with prior work (Britto 2013;Hirtenlehner and Farrall 2013;Jackson 2006) describing fear of crime as rooted more broadly in abstract anxieties about modernization, reflecting diffuse anxieties brought on by social and economic changes, and perceptions of the world as chaotic and out of control (Shapira and Simon 2018;Shepherd and Kay 2018;Stroud 2012;Vieno et al 2013).…”

Section: Fear and Gunssupporting

confidence: 88%

Fear, Anxiety, and Expectation: Gender Differences in Openness to Future Gun Ownership

Warner

2020

Violence and Gender

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There is extensive research on the correlates of gun ownership; however, less is known about the possible correlates of gun ownership among individuals who do not at present own firearms, but may be open to owning guns in the future. To that end, this study uses recently collected survey data from more than 900 nongun-owning U.S. adults to examine the factors associated with the likelihood of owning a gun in the future, motivations for prospective future ownership, and expectations about the perceived utility (i.e., empowerment) of future gun ownership. In addition to assessing the effect of fear of crime and victimization on these outcomes, analyses also examine how broader economic and cultural anxieties influence attitudes toward guns. Findings show that male nonowners are more open to future gun owning than females, and perceive greater empowerment (e.g., feeling safe; feeling respected; feeling in control) if they were to acquire a gun. Female nonowners are more fearful of crime and victimization than males, and are more likely to consider owning a gun in the future primarily for protection. Cultural, but not economic, anxieties (e.g., concerns about American identity; resistance toward immigration) along with adherence to more traditional masculine ideals (e.g., a man should be physically tough) were consistently associated with all three outcomes, for both males and females. Gender differences were reduced in some instances, but generally persisted, even after accounting for several measures of fears, risks, threats, and anxieties.

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Section: Fear and Gunssupporting

confidence: 88%

Fear, Anxiety, and Expectation: Gender Differences in Openness to Future Gun Ownership

Warner

2020

Violence and Gender

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“…Several studies highlighted that economic insecurities and social uncertainties have significant relationships to FOC (Britto, ; Hirtenlehner & Farrall, ). In other words, FOC does not only express crime‐related incidents but rather may encompass worry about social, psychological, and economic living conditions as well.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of crime and community concerns: Mediating effect of risk and pragmatic fear

Chadee

Ali

Burke

et al. 2017

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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This study investigates the relationship between community concerns (i.e., perceived crime, incivilities, and infrastructure) and fear of crime (FOC) while examining the mediating role of risk of victimisation and pragmatic fear. Gender and ethnic differences were also explored. Data were collected using a proportionate multistage random sample of 3,003 participants from a southern Caribbean island in 2015. The following self‐reported measures were used: risk of victimisation and FOC scales, a general (noncrime) fear scale measuring pragmatic fear, and a community concern scale. Data were analysed using path analysis, Sobel tests, and multiple group analysis. Findings revealed that perceived crime and incivilities significantly predicted FOC, whereas infrastructure was insignificant as a direct predictor. Females had higher FOC, and among ethnic groups, Indo‐Trinidadians had the highest FOC than Afro‐Trinidadians and Mixed participants. Risk of victimisation and pragmatic fear had significant mediating effects on community concerns and FOC. Findings are discussed in the context of the social psychology of social disorganisation and previous research.

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“…Research has shown that fear of crime may change from country to country and according to the country's sociocultural and political-institutional structure (Hirtenlehner & Farrall, 2013), and that crime and fear of crime is correlated with individuals' education level, income level, race, age, duration of residence, sense of belonging to the place of residence, and most of all with their gender (Gray, Jackson, & Farrall, 2011). MacMillan et al (2000), McCrea et al (2005), and Pain (1997) found that women fear crime at higher levels than men.…”

Section: Fear Of Crime and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of Crime among Women in the Old City Center of Istanbul

Yirmibeşoğlu¹,

Ergun²

2015

CUS

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Istanbul, the biggest city of Turkey with a population of 17 million people, is a city where both the negative and positive effects of urban life standards are intensely experienced. Along with problems such as migration from rural areas to urban areas, rapid population growth, unemployment and squatting, crime rates have recently been observed to go higher (Yirmibesoğlu & Ergun, 2013). The old city center, Beyoglu was infamously known for its high crime rates and fear of crime, but today it seems that this image has changed and the fear of crime has decreased. Among the reasons for this decrease, we can mention the fact that Beyoglu has been through a gentrification process that some buildings have been restored, and that urban design implementations have been done in some streets. This study aimed to find out how fear of crime according to gender differed before and after the renovation process. With this aim in mind, field research and surveys were conducted in 2006 and 2010. The research problem, fear of crime and environmental safety in Beyoglu, was investigated based on certain variables such as the participants' gender, occupation, duration of residence in Istanbul, the place of residence, age group, place of birth, and educational level; the participants were also asked about the frequency of their visits to Beyoglu and the reasons why they go to Beyoglu. The results of the study revealed the differences in fear of crime between men and women. It was found that Beyoglu district became safer after the renovations; yet, the rate of fear of walking alone, and therefore the fear of crime, was found to be higher among women than among men.

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Anxieties About Modernization, Concerns About Community, and Fear of Crime

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Fear, Anxiety, and Expectation: Gender Differences in Openness to Future Gun Ownership

Fear, Anxiety, and Expectation: Gender Differences in Openness to Future Gun Ownership

Fear of crime and community concerns: Mediating effect of risk and pragmatic fear

Fear of Crime among Women in the Old City Center of Istanbul

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