Anxiety and depression among people with type 2 diabetes visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Paudel, Shishir; Khanal, Shankar; Gautam, Sujan; Chalise, Anisha; Koirala, Tara Nath; Marahatta, Sujan Babu

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064490

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Little evidence on how COVID-19 optimization policies influence depression symptoms among those infected in China. We found that the prevalence of depression symptoms was 35.3% which was similar to the study conducted in Pokhara ( 38 ) and China ( 25 ). The potential for temporary unemployment, reduced salary, and strained medical resources during the early stages of implementing the COVID-19 optimization policy may exacerbate psychological distress among the public.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlates among individuals who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China

Wei,

Qin,

Lin

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe burden of depression symptoms has increased among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain uncertain after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted among the public from January 6 to 30, 2023, using a convenience sampling method. Sociodemographic and COVID-19 pandemic-related factors were collected. The depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the associated factors with depressive symptoms.ResultsA total of 2,726 participants completed the survey. The prevalence of depression symptoms was 35.3%. About 58% of the participants reported experiencing insufficient drug supply. More than 40% of participants reported that they had missed healthcare appointments or delayed treatment. One-third of participants responded experiencing a shortage of healthcare staff and a long waiting time during medical treatment. Logistic regression analysis revealed several factors that were associated with depression symptoms, including sleep difficulties (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.34–3.44), chronic diseases (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.64–2.82), inpatient treatment for COVID-19 (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.19–4.77), with COVID-19 symptoms more than 13 days (OR, 1.30, 95% CI 1.04–1.63), re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.07–2.15), and the increased in demand for healthcare services (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.61).ConclusionThis study reveals a moderate prevalence of depression symptoms among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. The findings underscore the importance of continued focus on depressive symptoms among vulnerable individuals, including those with sleeping difficulties, chronic diseases, and inpatient treatment for COVID-19. It is necessary to provide mental health services and psychological interventions for these vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlates among individuals who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China

Wei,

Qin,

Lin

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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“…Most of previous studies on anxiety and depression in Nepal are confined to specific group of participants like health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic 10,11 , nurses 12,13 , traffic police 14 , among patients of type II diabetes 15,16 , people living in quarantine centre during COVID-19 pandemic 45 , patients of MDR TB 17 and hypertensive adults 18 and are confined in specific localities. However, our study involves an analysis from nationally representative sample taking into consideration the current federal structure.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,9 Approximately, 99% of mental health studies are funded by high income countries and only 5% of total mental health research finding go in LMICs 1, 9 like Nepal. Although there are some studies anxiety and depression in Nepal, they are mostly confined in specific geographic area and among specific group of people like health care workers [10][11][12][13] , traffic police 14 , among patients with specific disease conditions [15][16][17][18] specific geographic area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Determinants and Care Seeking Behavior for Anxiety and Depression in Nepalese Population: An Analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey Data 2022

Pandey¹,

Adhikari²,

Bista

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective To determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression and the care seeking behaviour among Nepalese population. Methods We analyzed secondary data from nationally representative Nepal health demographic survey 2022. Depression and anxiety were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) tools respectively. We performed weighted analysis to account complex survey design. We presented categorical variables as frequency, percent and 95% CI whereas numerical variables as median, interquartile range and 95% CI around median. We performed univariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with anxiety and depression, and results were presented as crude odds ratio (COR), adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and their 95% CI. Results The prevalence of depression was 4.0% (95%CI: 3.5, 4.5) in both sexes, 5.4% (95%CI: 4.8, 6.1) among females and 1.7% (95%CI: 1.4, 2.3) among males. Similarly, the prevalence of anxiety was 17.7% (95%CI: 16.5, 18.9) in both sexes, 21.9% (95%CI: 20.4, 23.6) among females and 11.3% (95%CI: 10.0, 12.8) among males. Divorced or separated participants were found to have higher odds of developing anxiety (AOR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.73, 3.30) and depression (AOR=3.11, 95% CI: 1.81, 5.35). Among different ethnic groups, Janajati had lower odds of developing anxiety (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.91) and depression (AOR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.92) compared to Brahmin/Chhetri. Regarding disability, participants with some difficulty had higher odds of developing anxiety (AOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.10) and depression (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.52, 2.51), and those with a lot of difficulty/can't do at all had higher odds of anxiety (AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.97) and depression (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.94) compared to those without any disability. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety were relatively higher among females compared to males. Marital status and disability status are positively associated with anxiety and depression whereas Janajati ethnicity and males were negatively associated with anxiety and depression. It is essential to develop interventions and policies targeting females and divorced individuals which can be helpful in reducing the burden of anxiety and depression in Nepal

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“…Numerous investigations have explored the correlation between diabetes and anxiety, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Edwards and Mezuk, 2012;Chaturvedi et al, 2019;Nigussie et al, 2023). A high prevalence of stress and anxiety-related behavior among patients with T2DM was reported, indicating the necessity for the evaluation and control of stress and anxiety in these individuals (García-Lara et al, 2022;McCoy and Theeke, 2019;Paudel et al, 2023). Impairment or alterations in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), dysregulation of the serotonergic system, particularly the 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), reduced leptin levels and leptin receptor expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been implicated in anxiety-like behavior in diabetic rats (Breton-Provencher et al, 2021;Samuels and Szabadi, 2008;Taylor and Westlund, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Curcuma Longa</i> (Turmeric) Supplements Improved Fasting Blood Glucose Level and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Diabetic Wistar Rats

Salisu,

Bababa,

Abdullahi

et al. 2024

dujopas

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Turmeric is a spice derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (C. longa) which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Curcuma longa is widely used for food spices, preservatives, and coloring agents. Anxiety disorders are the most frequently occurring mental disorders, they encompass a group of conditions that share extreme or pathological anxiety as the principal disturbance of mood or emotional tone. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of C. longa supplements on fasting blood glucose levels and anxiety-like behavior in diabetic Wistar rats. Twenty (20) rats were randomly assigned into five (5) groups of four each (N=4). Group I served as control and received distilled water (1 ml/kg), groups II, III, IV and V were diabetic and received glibenclamide (1mg/kg), and C. longa supplements at 2.5%, 5% and 10% respectively. Diabetes was induced using intraperitoneal injection of freshly dissolved alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). All administrations were made for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels and anxiety-like behavior were determined using a digital glucometer and elevated plus maze test respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, there was significant (p < 0.05) improvement in fasting blood glucose levels across all supplemented doses of C. longa (2.5%, 5% and 10% at 9.33 ± 0.46 mmol/L, 11.20 ± 0.68 mmol/L and 11.00 ± 0.40 mmol/L respectively) compared to control group (18.13 ± 1.28 mmol/L). Time spent in the opened arm was also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in 5% (18.25 1.18 s) and 10% (19.25 1.49 s) groups after 21 days of supplementation compared to before the commencement of supplementation (9.75 ± 1.11 s and 10.25 ± 1.49 s respectively). These findings suggested that the C. longa supplement improved fasting blood glucose and anxiety-like behavior in diabetic Wistar rats.

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Anxiety and depression among people with type 2 diabetes visiting diabetes clinics of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlates among individuals who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlates among individuals who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after optimizing the COVID-19 response in China

Prevalence, Determinants and Care Seeking Behavior for Anxiety and Depression in Nepalese Population: An Analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey Data 2022

<i>Curcuma Longa</i> (Turmeric) Supplements Improved Fasting Blood Glucose Level and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Diabetic Wistar Rats

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