Introduction and Hypothesis
Previous studies have reported higher prevalence of depression among women with urgency or mixed urinary incontinence (UI) than stress UI. Urgency UI is the dominant UI type among black women, while stress UI is the predominant type among white women. Thus, UI-related mental health issues could be a key consideration among black women. We hypothesized that the association between UI and depression might be stronger in black versus white women.
Methods
These cross-sectional analyses included 934 black and 71,161 white women aged 58-83 in the Nurses’ Health Study, which was established among women living in the USA. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the ten-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD-10). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for high depressive symptoms (CESD-10 score≥10) according to self-reported UI frequency, severity, and type were calculated using logistic regression models.
Results
Although point estimates for associations of UI frequency, severity, and type with high depressive symptoms were higher in black women, differences in ORs between black and white women were not statistically significant. For example, the OR for at least weekly UI compared with no UI was 2.29 (95% CI 1.30-4.01) in black women and 1.58 (95% CI 1.49-1.68) in white women (p-interaction=0.4).
Conclusions
We did not find statistically significant differences in associations of UI frequency, severity, and type with high depressive symptoms between black and white women. However, small numbers of black women with high depressive symptoms limited statistical power to detect significant interactions. Thus, these results should be interpreted with caution.