Anxiety and depression before and after the menopause

Sağsöz, Nevin; Oğuztürk, Ömer; Bayram, Merih; Kamacı, Mansur

doi:10.1007/s004040000108

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Becht et al [77] reported that the Edinburgh Depression Scale is effective and user-friendly in the detection of depressive symptoms, and is not influenced by menopause-related somatic symptoms. The Beck Depression Inventory and State Trait Anxiety Inventory I and II have also been used [78]. It is important to note, however, that certain criteria identified by these scales may overlap in depressed individuals and those in perimenopause, making diagnosis difficult.…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical nature and formal diagnosis of premenstrual, postpartum, and perimenopausal affective disorders

Rapkin

Mikacich²,

Moatakef-Imani³

et al. 2002

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Various mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in reproductive-aged women, and appear to be linked to hormonal and reproductive events. Premenstrual affective disorders consist of premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and premenstrual exacerbation of mood or anxiety disorders. Postpartum affective disorders can range from postpartum "blues" to postpartum depression with or without psychosis, and also include anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In perimenopausal women, the vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders is increased. All of these disorders share risk factors, and have etiologic features in common, such as exposure to the rise and fall of ovarian sex steroids. The following is a review of these syndromes and their etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical nature and formal diagnosis of premenstrual, postpartum, and perimenopausal affective disorders

Rapkin

Mikacich²,

Moatakef-Imani³

et al. 2002

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…A study by Sagsoz et al (11) revealed that the highest clinical signs of depression can be seen in women during postmenopause, when women suffer from hormonal changes in addition to physical and mental problems which may last for years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Perceived Social Support and Depression in Postmenopausal Women

Tadayon

Kalhori

Javadifar

et al. 2015

Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care

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Background:The most common symptom in early menopausal women is depression. Depression is a type of chronic disease that impacts on postmenopausal women's life. Social support plays a protective role for women and enables them to solve their life problems and thus, feel less depressed. Objectives:We assessed depression as a chronic disease and evaluated the association between perceived social support and depression in postmenopausal women. Patients and Methods:This correlation-analytic study was conducted on 321 postmenopausal women using 2-stage cluster sampling in Ahvaz in 2014. Data collecting instruments were comprised of a demographic questionnaire, a depression scale (Beck Depression Inventory-II), and a social support questionnaire (PRQ 85-Part 2). Data analysis was done using SPSS, version 20. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between perceived social support and depression, and the χ 2 test was employed to assess the relationship between perceived social support and demographic characteristics. Results: The Spearman correlation test revealed a significant reverse relationship between perceived social support and depression (r = -0.468; P = 0.001). There were significant relationships between perceived social support and some personal variables such as marital status, education level, and job status (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant relationships between perceived social support and some other personal characteristics such as income and ethnicity (P > 0.05). Conclusions:We found a reverse relationship between perceived social support and depression in postmenopausal women. Raising awareness in society apropos the relationship between social support and depression in postmenopausal women can enhance their quality of life.

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“…Maartens et al (2002) also reported that psychotic symptoms such as depression, anger, somatization, and anxiety are frequent in menopausal women. Moreover, many clinical and epidemiological studies have found that the incidence rate of depression is higher in menopausal women, although the underlying reason is still unclear (Sagsoz et al, 2001). Researchers who ascribe menopausal depression to physiological mechanisms have presented a hypothesis that estrogen deficiency during menopause is the primary reason for menopausal depression, and they have attempted to show a causal relationship by showing the efficiency of estrogen supplement therapy in treating depression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hay et al (1994) reported that the probability of experiencing depression within 4 years of menopause is 35%, and Sagsoz et al (2001) reported that menopausal women who experienced changes in menstruation commonly experience mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Maartens et al (2002) also reported that psychotic symptoms such as depression, anger, somatization, and anxiety are frequent in menopausal women.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%