Anxiety and Depression Symptoms of Patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: a Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis has led to adverse mental health consequences in the general public, medical staff, and individual in self isolation. In order to stop transmission of the virus and save lives, Fangcang shelter hospitals were developed and used for the first time in China. However, there is no research on mental health problems in Fangcang shelter hospitals patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence and major influencing factors of anxiety, depression among the hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Fangcang shelter hospital. Methods From February 23rd, 2020, to February 26th, 2020, we obtained the information of demographic data, clinical symptoms, and assessed the mental health status, sleep quality by using an online questionnaire including self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depressive scale (SDS) and pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) at Jianghan Fangcang shelter hospital. We assessed the prevalence of anxiety, depression symptoms and poor sleep quality via the scores of SAS, SDS and PSQI. We explored the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients using multivariable logistic regression models. Results We collected data from 307 COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang shelter hospital. The prevalence of anxiety, depression symptoms were 18.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Poor Sleep quality, number of current physical symptoms ≥ 2 were independent risk factors for anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05); female, family member confirmed COVID-19, number of current physical symptoms ≥ 2 were independent risk factors for depression symptoms (P < 0.05). PSQI scores were significant positively associate with SAS scores and SDS scores (P ༜ 0.05). Conclusions Anxiety and depression are common among the COVID-19 patients in Fangcang shelter hospital. Those with more current physical symptoms, poor sleep quality are more likely to have anxiety. Females, those with their family members diagnosed with COVID-19, more current physical symptoms are more vulnerable to depression symptom. Our findings can be used to formulate targeted psychological interventions to reduce adverse psychological impacts in Fangcang shelter hospital during the outbreak of epidemic disease in the future.

Impact of COVID-19 First Wave on Psychological and Psychosocial Dimensions: A Systematic Review

“…For example, Ebola, SARS, MERS, novel influenza A, equine influenza outbreak seemed to be associated with higher levels of depression [4,6,157]. In line with previous epidemics, the COVID-19 pandemic showed a similar effect on depression [212,222,223,272,304]. In particular, quarantine and social isolation, but also the strict prevention and control requirements, and the patients' lack of communication with the outside world, were associated with higher rates of psychological depressive symptoms [78,185,187,214,216,223,245,251,321,327].…”

“…Gender: The findings showed that women had higher levels of depression than men [4,8,10,67,157,186,187,[220][221][222]225,239,242,243,247,254,255,[258][259][260]262,272,307,321,347], in line with pre-COVID-19 literature [353,354]. A prolonged exposure to domestic hostility due to quarantine worsened the symptoms [259].…”

“…For what concerns fear, this was significantly related to depression [133,327], anxiety [133,234,327], specific phobias [327], stress [133,277], health anxiety [228], and general poor mental health [212]. PTSD [283,314], anxiety [70,188,223,256,269,271,272,408], physical dysfunctions [223], stress [70,256,269,271,369], depression [256,269,271], and general mental illness [69] were associated with sleep problems.…”

“…The well known relationship between anxiety and sleep disorders [188] seemed to be confirmed also about Coronavirus specific anxiety. Indeed, Coronavirus anxiety levels were higher in people with sleep disorders (like insomnia) and poor sleep quality [70,99,188,227,[270][271][272]. Only one article [273] found no significant correlation between anxiety and sleep disorders.…”

Factors associated with anxiety and quality of life of the Wuhan populace during the COVID‐19 pandemic

“…The total score on WHOQOL‐BREF and the scores on social‐environmental support served as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. Because gender (Campos et al., 2014; Furukawa et al., 2001; Özdin & Bayrak Özdin, 2020; J. Zhang, Li, et al., 2020), age (Asar & Hakeem, 2013; Bando et al., 2015; Yueqin Huang et al., 2019), BMI (Kelderman‐Bolk et al., 2015; Kukreti, 2015), monthly income (Campos et al., 2014; Maria et al., 2010; Yoshitake et al., 2016), and health status (Campos et al., 2014; Dai et al., 2020) might affect anxiety and QoL, they were controlled during the analysis. In addition, variance expansion factors were used to diagnose collinearity in multiple regression analyses in this study.…”