Anxiety and Hostility Are Associated With Reduced Baroreflex Sensitivity and Increased Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability

Virtanen, Raine; Jula, Antti; Salminen, Jouko K.; Voipio‐Pulkki, Liisa‐Maria; Helenius, Hans; Kuusela, Tom; Airaksinen, Juhani

doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000088760.65046.cf

Cited by 117 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The LF/HF ratio is suggested to be an indicator of relative sympathetic activity (Pagani et al, 1986;Pagani et al, 1991). These results seem to be in accord with the report by Virtanen et al (2003),…”

Section: Correlation Between Anxiety or Depression And Lf Hf Lf/hf supporting

confidence: 82%

Correlations between the responses of electrogastrograms, heart rate and respiratory rate to the stress of the mirror drawing test in human subjects

Homma

2006

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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Original C o r r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e r e s p o n s e s o felectrogastrograms, heart rate and respiratory rate to the stress of the mirror drawing test in human subjects AbstractAn electrogastrogram (EGG) recorded on the skin is believed to reflect the electrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, linear correlations were calculated for the EGG spectral frequencies and the power ratios, changes in heart and respiratory rate before and during mirror drawing test (MDT) stress and after having meals, with the changes in the sympathetic tone indicator (LF/HF) and HADS anxiety and depression scores in human subjects (n=48). Depression scores had a negative linear correlation with the EGG resting frequencies of the epigastric and supraumbilical 6 cpm groups (5.0-7.4 cpm). Anxiety scores had a positive linear correlation with the EGG area power ratio of the resting to MDT stress responses of the epigastric and infraumbilical 6 cpm groups (6 cpm area during MDT/that during fasting rest). The resting LF/HF had a positive linear correlation with the EGG area power ratio of the resting to MDT stress responses of the epigastric and infraumbilical 3 cpm groups (2.5-4.9 cpm). The resting LF/HF ratio had a negative correlation with the area power ratio of the resting to postprandial responses (postprandial power/resting power) in the epigatric, supraumbilical and infraumbilical 6 cpm groups. The resting LF/HF ratio had a positive linear correlation with the heart rate at rest and during MDT-stress. In contrast, the resting LF/HF ratio had a negative linear correlation with the respiratory rate at rest and during MDT-stress. EGGs of the surface electrical activities of the gastrointestinal tract were influenced by acute MDT-stress and their frequencies and their response power ratios were correlated linearly with anxiety scores, depression scores and the sympathetic tone indicator, the LF/HF ratio.

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Section: Correlation Between Anxiety or Depression And Lf Hf Lf/hf supporting

confidence: 82%

Correlations between the responses of electrogastrograms, heart rate and respiratory rate to the stress of the mirror drawing test in human subjects

Homma

2006

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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“…In the prospective Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study of male veterans (n = 1305), anger increased relative risk of total CAD and coronary events (3.15, 95% CI = 0.94, 10.5; 2.66, 95% CI = 1.26, 5.61, respectively) (Kawachi, Sparrow, Spiro, Vokonas, & Weiss, 1996), and women (n = 688) in the Women with Chest Pain Study with high anger-out scores had higher odds of having a cluster of cardiac risk factors, low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL), high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and a greater body mass index (BMI) (OR 4.0, 95% CI = 1.4-11.1; OR 4.8, 95% CI = 1.5-15.7; OR 3.5, 95% CI = 1.1-10.8) respectively (Rutledge et al, 2001). Conversely, anger and hostility were not significantly associated (p > .05) with decreased HRV in a small study of men (n = 71) and women (n = 79) (Virtanen et al, 2003). In a study of healthy Swedish women (n = 300), obesity, hypertension, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle were associated with lower SDNN and RMSSD, but failing to discuss anger was only significant with lower SDNN (p ≤ .05 all) (Horsten et al, 1999).…”

Section: Individual Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two small studies, resting LF was not significantly associated (p > .05) with PD (Alvarenga, Richards, Lambert, & Esler, 2006;Pitzalis et al, 2001), and there was no association between HRV values and PD in a larger (n = 150) mixed gender study (Virtanen et al, 2003). In the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, decrease in HRV was not significantly associated with any tracked anxiety diagnosis (n = 2059), including GAD, SAD, or PD (Licht et al, 2009).…”

Section: Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Sexual Trauma Exposure and Heart Rate Variability Outcomes in Female Veterans

Lee¹

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DEDICATIONThis dissertation is dedicated to God, who opened my eyes, ears and heart to the abuse and suffering of women everywhere, including my Aunt Ethel who suffered at the hands of her husband when I was a child; my friend and former nursing student Micah, who died from her injuries; and all those abused that I cared for in numerous hospitals, clinics, and shelters through the years. I want to especially acknowledge the sacrifice made by the veterans who experienced military sexual trauma while serving our country.iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…39 Reduced baroreflex sensitivity has been associated with reduced parasympathetic and increased sympathetic activity. 38,40 This altered baroreflex profile has been associated with increased blood pressure, even upon follow-up five years later. 41 Anxiety and PTSD are very different illnesses; however they both share the commonality of a chronically stressed psychological state.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Evidence and Hypothesized Casual Pathways -mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of psychosocial stress have been associated with reduced baroreflex sensitivity, including anxiety 38 and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 39 Reduced baroreflex sensitivity has been associated with reduced parasympathetic and increased sympathetic activity.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Evidence and Hypothesized Casual Pathways -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Psychosocial Variables and Their Link to Hypertension Using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Blom

Nolan

et al. 2013

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

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Previous research has reported positive associations between anger, perceived stress and blood pressure. These associations have largely been based on cross-sectional data and a small number of longitudinal works. Using a prospective longitudinal cohort design, this study more directly tested the relationships between anger, perceived stress and blood pressure by using a psychological therapeutic intervention (mindfulness-based stress reduction) to manipulate anger and perceived stress. Anger and perceived stress were in turn evaluated for association with blood pressure. Despite improvements in psychosocial functioning and reductions in blood pressure, findings from this study failed to demonstrate an association between change in anger or perceived stress with change in daytime or 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. A model where these variables interact indirectly via stress coping mechanisms or health behaviours may be the linking mechanism in this study. Results from this thesis have contributed evidence to a divided field dominated by cross-sectional research.iii

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Anxiety and Hostility Are Associated With Reduced Baroreflex Sensitivity and Increased Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability

Abstract: Anxiety and hostility are related to reduced BRS and increased low-frequency power of BPV. Reduced BRS reflects decreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart and may increase BPV through an increased sympathetic predominance.

Cited by 117 publications

References 55 publications

Correlations between the responses of electrogastrograms, heart rate and respiratory rate to the stress of the mirror drawing test in human subjects

Correlations between the responses of electrogastrograms, heart rate and respiratory rate to the stress of the mirror drawing test in human subjects

Military Sexual Trauma Exposure and Heart Rate Variability Outcomes in Female Veterans

Evaluating Psychosocial Variables and Their Link to Hypertension Using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

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