Anxiety and Stress Related to COVID-19 Among the Community Dwelling Older Adults Residing in the Largest Refugee Camp of the World

Abstract

The current cross-sectional study was conducted among 864 older adults aged ≥ 60 years residing in Rohingya refugee camp through face-to-face interviews during November–December 2021. COVID-19-related anxiety was measured using the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and perceived stress using the 10-point Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The linear regression model identified the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress. The prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress was 68% and 93%, respectively. The average COVID-19-related anxiety score expected to be significantly higher among those who were physically inactive, concerned about COVID-19, had a close friend/family member diagnosed with COVID-19, and had some difficulty in getting food and routine medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the average perceived stress score was expected to be significantly higher among those without partners, who were feeling overwhelmed by COVID-19, and who experienced COVID-19-related anxiety during the pandemic. The findings suggest providing immediate psychosocial support to older Rohingya adults.

The Fear of SARS-CoV-2 Infection versus the Perception of COVID-19 Vaccination amongst Older Adults in Urban Areas (CoV-VAC-PL Study): A Polish Community-Based Study

“…In our study, we discovered that the degree of fear of COVID-19 measured by means of the CAS is indeed significantly lower among the respondents who had retired as compared to older adults who were disability/illness allowance beneficiaries. Accordingly, similar results have been obtained by Anwar et al [ 46 ]; these researchers also discovered that the degree of fear of COVID-19 is significantly lower among the respondents who had retired. That state of affairs may be a result of poorer mental and physical health conditions and thereby a worse life quality in the case of disability/illness allowance beneficiaries.…”

“…Our study has proven that the degree of fear of COVID-19 is higher among respondents who were widowers or had divorced. Accordingly, the study conducted by Anwar et al [ 46 ] proved that the degree of fear of COVID-19 is higher among respondents who had lost their partners. A partner may play a key role in ensuring mental support for a counter-partner, especially in hardship such as a pandemic when access to any other support may have been limited [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Psychological distress among unemployed migrants settling in southwestern Spain: A cross-sectional study

“…Similarly, a study carried out in the world's largest refugee camp highlighted that poor socioeconomic conditions, previous traumatic experiences, uncertainty and poor access to health services were the factors that maintained the prevalence of anxiety and stress among the adult population. [49] The implications of these findings highlight the importance of the cultural approach to the population that resides in informal settlements. The uptake of effective prevention measures could be hindered by cultural obstacles, such as low severity perception or COVID-19 denial and misconceptions about the disease, that may lead to a low level of threat (susceptibility and severity) and wrong beliefs about the efficacy of preventive behaviors.…”

“…Similarly, a study carried out in the world’s largest refugee camp highlighted that poor socioeconomic conditions, previous traumatic experiences, uncertainty and poor access to health services were the factors that maintained the prevalence of anxiety and stress among the adult population. [ 49 ]…”

Relationship between greenfield investment and economic growth: Evidence from Bangladesh

“…Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered as one of the instruments of enhancing host country's economic growth which not only augments capital resources in host countries but also offers access to advanced technologies, international fair and festival [ 1 ], managerial know-how, social media (Aboulilah et al, 2022) and skills (Emmanuel, Qin, Hossain, & Hussain, 2022 [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ];). Countries having sufficient capital resources continuously look for opportunities to enter into foreign markets for ensuring maximum return from investment in host countries [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”