1989
DOI: 10.1007/bf00052047
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Anxiety disorders in Japan: A Review of The Japanese literature on Shinkeishitsu and taijinky?fush?

Abstract: As culture-bound syndromes, Japanese shinkeishitsu ("constitutional neurasthenia") and taijinkyofusho ("anthropophobia") have received considerable attention in the Japanese literature. While these disorders are viewed as diagnostically distinct from Western psychiatric categories, recent studies by the Japanese suggest some affinity with Western social phobias, depression, and schizophrenia. The paper reviews this literature and offers suggestions for further cross-cultural research.

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Cited by 49 publications
(35 citation statements)
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“…Historically, the Japanese term shinkeishitsu (constitutional neurasthenia), with both popular and psychiatric connotations, has raised debate as to whether it is truly distinct from Western diagnostic categories or other factors favor usage of the term. ( Russell, 1989 ) Hikikomori too may flourish as a term in part because it is less stigmatizing than other terms for mental illness. Such use of a 'disguised diagnosis' has been described in Japan.…”
Section: Diagnosismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Historically, the Japanese term shinkeishitsu (constitutional neurasthenia), with both popular and psychiatric connotations, has raised debate as to whether it is truly distinct from Western diagnostic categories or other factors favor usage of the term. ( Russell, 1989 ) Hikikomori too may flourish as a term in part because it is less stigmatizing than other terms for mental illness. Such use of a 'disguised diagnosis' has been described in Japan.…”
Section: Diagnosismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This allocentric interpersonal focus of fear-fear of offending othersis seen as an essential criterion in the diagnosis of the offensive subtype of TKS [Seedat and Nagata, 2004], and contrasts with the egocentric interpersonal focus of SAD-fear of embarrassing oneself [Chang, 1995[Chang, , 1997. It should be noted that egocentric fears of embarrassing oneself are also present in the offensive subtype of TKS, but that there is a noted absence of allocentric fears in descriptions of DSM-IV SAD [Kasahara, 1987;Russell, 1989].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…One of the core features of offensive subtype is the fear that others will notice some perceived physical defects, such as blushing or trembling, having a stiff facial expression or unpleasant body odor, or that they will exhibit behaviors seen as socially inappropriate or awkward, such as making too much direct eye-to-eye contact or staring at others' body parts in public [Kirmayer, 1991;Lee, 1987;Russell, 1989;Takahashi, 1989;Yamashita, 1993]. Some of these symptoms, such as fear of blushing or trembling, are also common to both the neurotic subtype of TKS and SAD.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Good and Kleinman (1985) saw an exemplary instance of the cultural "patterning" of anxiety in TKS. Russell (1989), on the basis of his review of relevant, recent Japanese literature, noted a remarkable difference between the Japanese and American forms of social phobia, most notably between allocentric and egocentric tendencies. From the DSM-III-R perspective, Kirmayer (1991) saw several clinical entities in TKS and described the finer points of the symptomatology in relation to Japanese culture, as did Prince (1991).…”
Section: A Brief History Of the Concept Of Social Phobiamentioning
confidence: 96%