Anxiety disorders in major depression

Fava, Maurizio; Rankin, Meridith A.; Wright, Emma; Alpert, Jonathan E.; Nierenberg, Andrew A.; Pava, Joel A.; Rosenbaum, Jerrold F.

doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(00)90140-8

Cited by 291 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the FST is a test that is used widely because of its predictive validity, as it is sensitive to all classes of antidepressant drugs (Borsini & Meli, 1988;Deussing, 2006;Lucki, 1997). In addition, as anxiety is present in the majority of patients with depressive disorder (Fava et al, 2000;Goes et al, 2012), it is well known that antidepressant drugs can also ameliorate anxiety-like depression symptoms. Thus, we also explored anxiolytic-like effects using the EPM as a primary screening test, as well as depressive animal models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of norepinephrine and serotonin system in antidepressant-like effects of hederagenin in the rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depression

Liang

Huang

Wang

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Objective: This study compared the antidepressant ability of FAE with that of HG in mice and further investigated the antidepressant-like effects and potential mechanisms of HG in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Materials and methods: Mice received FAE (50 mg/kg) and HG (20 mg/kg) once a day via intragastric administration (i.g.) for 3 weeks. The anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of FAE and HG were compared using elevated plus maze (EPM) and behavioral despair tests including tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Antidepressant effects of HG (5 mg/kg) were assessed using the UCMS depressive rat model. Moreover, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and relevant gene expression in UCMS rats' hippocampi were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques. Results: The results of our preliminary screening test suggest that HG at 20 mg/kg, while not FAE at 50 mg/kg, significantly decreased the immobility in both TST and FST compared with the vehicle group when administered chronically; however, there were no significant differences observed between the HG and the FAE group. Chronic administration of HG failed to significantly reverse the altered crossing and rearing behavioral performance, time spent in the open arm and closed entries in the EPM, even if they showed an increased tendency, but HG significantly increased the percent of sucrose preference in the sucrose preference test (SPT) and decreased the immobility time in the FST. HG showed that significant increases of norepinephrine and serotonin levels and exhibited a tendency to increase the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 1A receptor mRNA, and to significantly decrease the expression of the mRNA for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT). However, there were no significant differences in the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusion: These findings confirm the antidepressant-like effects of HG in a behavioral despair test and UCMS rat model, which may be associated with monoamine neurotransmitters and 5-HTT mRNA expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of norepinephrine and serotonin system in antidepressant-like effects of hederagenin in the rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depression

Liang

Huang

Wang

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Rat studies indicate that the ventral hippocampal formation is involved in anxiety (Alves et al, 2004) and that the ventral hippocampal formation and amygdala contribute distinctly to brain systems processing anxiety and/or fear . Since anxiety is present in the majority of patients with major depressive disorder (Fawcett and Kravitz, 1983;Fava et al, 2000), involvement of mainly the ventral, as opposed to the dorsal, hippocampal formation is likely to be important in the pathology of depression. From both a neuroanatomical and functional perspective we therefore find it interesting to look for local differences in cell proliferation within the hippocampal formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Cytogenesis Correlates to Escitalopram-Mediated Recovery in a Chronic Mild Stress Rat Model of Depression

Jayatissa

Bisgaard

Tingström

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

325

205

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From clinical studies it is known that recurrent depressive episodes associate with a reduced hippocampal volume. Conversely, preclinical studies have shown that chronic antidepressant treatment increases hippocampal neurogenesis. Consequently, it has been suggested that a deficit in hippocampal neurogenesis is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. To study a potential correlation between recovery and hippocampal cytogenesis, we established the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model of depression. When rats are subjected to CMS, several depressive symptoms develop, including the major symptom anhedonia. Rats were exposed to stress for 2 weeks and subsequently to stress in combination with antidepressant treatment for 4 consecutive weeks. The behavioral deficit measured in anhedonic animals is a reduced intake of a sucrose solution. Prior to perfusion animals were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of proliferating cells. Brains were sectioned horizontally and newborn cells positive for BrdU were counted in the dentate gyrus and tracked in a dorsoventral direction.CMS significantly decreased sucrose consumption and cytogenesis in the ventral part of the hippocampal formation. During exposure to the antidepressant escitalopram, given as intraperitoneally dosages of either 5 or 10 mg/kg/ day, animals distributed in a bimodal fashion into a group, which recovered (increase in sucrose consumption), and a subgroup, which refracted treatment (no increase in sucrose consumption). Chronic treatment with escitalopram reversed the CMS-induced decrease in cytogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampal formation, but in recovered animals only. Our data show a correlation between recovery from anhedonia, as measured by cessation of behavioral deficits in the CMS model, and an increase in cytogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampal formation.

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“…Both illnesses are classified as anxiety disorders and both OCD 48 and PTSD 49 cause neuropsychological deficits. Given that MDD may have one of these two illnesses as a comorbid disorder 50,51 , our data would not be applicable to these combinations of disorders. The second limitation caused by the group generation method is that they are highly asymmetrical, and the PMDD group is much smaller than the MDDAD group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity of anxiety disorders in major depressive disorder: A clinical trial to evaluate neuropsychological deficit

et al. 2009

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-Background and objectives:Various clinical aspects of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are related to the neuropsychological impairments characteristic of this illness. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between certain clinical variables of MDD -in particular the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders -and the neuropsychological performance of patients with MDD selected for a clinical trial.Methods: Using cluster analyses, we generated two groups of patients: one group with Major Depressive Disorder and a Comorbid Anxiety Disorder (MDDAD), and the other 6 IXCHEL HERRERA-GUZMÁN ET AL.

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Anxiety disorders in major depression

Cited by 291 publications

References 16 publications

Involvement of norepinephrine and serotonin system in antidepressant-like effects of hederagenin in the rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depression

Involvement of norepinephrine and serotonin system in antidepressant-like effects of hederagenin in the rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depression

Hippocampal Cytogenesis Correlates to Escitalopram-Mediated Recovery in a Chronic Mild Stress Rat Model of Depression

Comorbidity of anxiety disorders in major depressive disorder: A clinical trial to evaluate neuropsychological deficit

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