Anxiety, feedback, and self-reference in face recognition

Bailis, Karen L.; Mueller, John H.

doi:10.1007/bf00993664

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the other hand, eyewitness memory laboratory research uses unvalidated stressors such as violent videos, electric shocks, or self-reports (e.g., Bailis & Mueller, 1981 ; Brigham, Maass, Martinez, & Wittenberger, 1983 ; Clifford & Hollin, 1981 ; Kramer, Buckhout, & Eugenio, 1990 ). Additionally, many eyewitness experiments rely only on self-reported stress as a manipulation check for the stress induction (e.g., Buckhout, Alper, Chern, Silverberg, & Slomovits, 1974 ; S. D. Davis et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of stress on eyewitness memory: A survey of memory experts and laypeople

et al. 2020

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This survey examined lay and expert beliefs about statements concerning stress effects on (eyewitness) memory. Thirty-seven eyewitness memory experts, 36 fundamental memory experts, and 109 laypeople endorsed, opposed, or selected don’t know responses for a range of statements relating to the effects of stress at encoding and retrieval. We examined proportions in each group and differences between groups (eyewitness memory experts vs. fundamental memory experts; experts vs. laypeople) for endorsements (agree vs. disagree) and selections (don’t know vs. agree/disagree). High proportions of experts from both research fields agreed that very high levels of stress impair the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. A majority of fundamental experts, but not eyewitness experts, endorsed the idea that stress experienced during encoding can enhance memory. Responses to statements regarding moderating factors such as stressor severity and detail type provided further insight into this discrepancy. Eyewitness memory experts more frequently selected the don’t know option for neuroscientific statements regarding stress effects on memory than fundamental memory experts, although don’t know selections were substantial among both expert groups. Laypeople’s responses to eight of the statements differed statistically from expert answers on topics such as memory in children, in professionals such as police officers, for faces and short crimes, and the existence of repression, providing insight into possible ‘commonsense’ beliefs on stress effects on memory. Our findings capture the current state of knowledge about stress effects on memory as reflected by sample of experts and laypeople, and highlight areas where further research and consensus would be valuable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of stress on eyewitness memory: A survey of memory experts and laypeople

et al. 2020

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“…In contrast to these validated stressors, much of the eyewitness research uses application-focused or scenario-relevant stressors. In the laboratory, these include violent, arousing pictures or videos (Clifford & Hollin, 1981;Cutler et al, 1987;Kramer et al, 1990;Pezdek et al, 2020), electric shocks (Brigham et al, 1983;Tooley et al, 1987), fake fire alarms (Peters, 1997), threats of injection (e.g., Maass & Kohnken, 1989;Peters, 1988), and self-reports about trait stress, state stress, or test anxiety (Bailis & Mueller, 1981;Mueller et al, 1979;Nowicki et al, 1979).…”

Section: Methodological Divergence In Research On Encoding Stress and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of acute stress on eyewitness memory: an integrative review for eyewitness researchers

Marr

Sauerland

Otgaar

et al. 2021

Memory

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The eyewitness and fundamental memory research fields have investigated the effects of acute stress at encoding on memory performance for decades yet results often demonstrate contrasting conclusions. In this review, we first summarise findings on the effects of acute encoding stress on memory performance and discuss how these research fields often come to these diverging findings regarding the effects of encoding stress on memory performance. Next, we critically evaluate methodological choices that underpin these discrepancies, emphasising the strengths and limitations of different stress-memory experiments. Specifically, we elaborate on choice of stressors and stimuli, stress manipulation checks, stressor timing, and the interval between encoding and retrieval and discuss how methodological shortcomings in both the eyewitness and fundamental memory fields have limited our understanding of how encoding stress may affect eyewitness memory performance. Finally, we propose several recommendations for researchers interested in this topic, such as confirming stress inductions with physiological measures, implementing sufficient retrieval intervals to isolate the memory phase of interest and using ecologically valid memory paradigms. We conclude that the best progress can be made if researchers are responsive to the methodologies and findings reported in other research fields and encourage collaborations between the different disciplines.

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“…On the other hand, eyewitness memory laboratory research uses unvalidated stressors such as violent videos, electric shocks, or self-reports (e.g., Bailis & Mueller, 1981;Brigham et al, 1983;Clifford & Hollin, 1981;Kramer et al, 1990). Additionally, many eyewitness experiments rely only on self-reported stress as a manipulation check for the stress induction (e.g., Buckhout et al, 1974;Davis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to these validated stressors, much of the eyewitness research uses application-focused or scenariorelevant stressors. In the laboratory, these include violent, arousing pictures or videos (Clifford & Hollin, 1981;Cutler et al, 1987;Kramer et al, 1990;Pezdek et al, 2020), electric shocks (Brigham et al, 1983;Tooley et al, 1987), fake fire alarms (Peters, 1997), threats of injection (e.g., Maass & Kohnken, 1989;Peters, 1988), and self-reports about trait stress, state stress, or test anxiety (Bailis & Mueller, 1981;Mueller et al, 1979;Nowicki et al, 1979).…”

Section: Methodological Divergence In Research On Encoding Stress and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These stress inductions are typically verified with self-report measures (e.g., Buckhout et al, 1974;Davis et al, 2019). Other experiments have grouped participants using self-reports about trait stress, state stress, or test anxiety (Bailis & Mueller, 1981;Mueller et al, 1979;Nowicki et al, 1979) and drawn conclusions about stress and memory based on group differences.…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Stress At Encoding On Memory Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining the effects of acute stress on memory in eyewitness settings

Marr

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Anxiety, feedback, and self-reference in face recognition

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

The effects of stress on eyewitness memory: A survey of memory experts and laypeople

The effects of stress on eyewitness memory: A survey of memory experts and laypeople

The effects of acute stress on eyewitness memory: an integrative review for eyewitness researchers

Examining the effects of acute stress on memory in eyewitness settings

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