Anxiety: It's Phenomenology in the First Year of Life

Spitz, René A.

doi:10.1037/e504472011-001

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The term “core” in “core affect” is meant to refer to a specific construct that is distinct from the more general construct of “affect” (i.e., referring to anything emotional), and signifies several important ideas about this form of affective responding (for a discussion, see Barrett, 2006). Core affect may be a basic kind of “core knowledge” (Spelke, 2000) that is supported by hardwiring present at birth (Bridges, 1932; Emde, Gaensbauer, & Harmon, 1976; Spitz, 1965; Sroufe, 1979) and is homologous in other mammalian species (Cardinal, Parkinson, Hall, & Everitt, 2002; Schneirla, 1959). The term “core” also signals the idea that objects and events have affective meaning to the extent that they can influence the homeostatic (core affective) state of the individual.…”

Section: Suggestions For a New Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Emotions Natural Kinds?

Barrett

2006

Perspect Psychol Sci

1,394

1,163

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Laypeople and scientists alike believe that they know anger, or sadness, or fear, when they see it. These emotions and a few others are presumed to have specific causal mechanisms in the brain and properties that are observable (on the face, in the voice, in the body, or in experience)-that is, they are assumed to be natural kinds. If a given emotion is a natural kind and can be identified objectively, then it is possible to make discoveries about that emotion. Indeed, the scientific study of emotion is founded on this assumption. In this article, I review the accumulating empirical evidence that is inconsistent with the view that there are kinds of emotion with boundaries that are carved in nature. I then consider what moving beyond a natural-kind view might mean for the scientific understanding of emotion.

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Section: Suggestions For a New Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Emotions Natural Kinds?

Barrett

2006

Perspect Psychol Sci

1,394

1,163

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“…Days old infants produce canonical facial expressions (Geangu, Benga, Stahl, & Striano, 2010; Oster, 1997) and studies have shown that by their first birthday, babies are competent emotional communicators, both interpreting (Stern, 2009) and producing emotional expressions meaningfully. For example, social smiles appear by six weeks of age (Spitz, 1965; Sroufe & Waters, 1976) and are used both to respond to others’ smiles and by three-four months to initiate an interaction. Stenberg, Campos, and Emde (1983) found that 7-month-olds express anger by furrowing their brows when cookies were withdrawn as well as when the babies were physically restrained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language and affective facial expression in children with perinatal stroke

Lai

Reilly

2015

Brain and Language

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Children with perinatal stroke (PS) provide a unique opportunity to understand developing brain-behavior relations. Previous research has noted distinctive differences in behavioral sequelae between children with PS and adults with acquired stroke: children fare better, presumably due to the plasticity of the developing brain for adaptive reorganization. Whereas we are beginning to understand language development, we know little about another communicative domain, emotional expression. The current study investigates the use and integration of language and facial expression during an interview. As anticipated, the language performance of the five and six year old PS group is comparable to their typically developing (TD) peers, however, their affective profiles are distinctive: those with right hemisphere injury are less expressive with respect to affective language and affective facial expression than either those with left hemisphere injury or TD group. The two distinctive profiles for language and emotional expression in these children suggest gradients of neuroplasticity in the developing brain.

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“…Hartmann's work was foundational for a generation of developmental ego psychologists like René Spitz (1945Spitz ( , 1950aSpitz ( , 1950bSpitz ( , 1951 whose study of children who failed to thrive in foundling homes during and after the Second World War left no-one in doubt about the crucial role that the caregiving environment plays in both physical and emotional development. Spitz was responsible for critical new conceptualizations of the role of the mother in development, the reciprocal influence of the mother-infant dyad, and stranger anxiety, all concepts derived from observations, interviews and longitudinal follow up of mother-infant dyads.…”

Section: Ego Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief History of Psychoanalysis: From Freud to Fantasy to Folly

Kenny

2016

Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia

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Psychoanalysis has had a long gestation, during the course of which it has experienced multiple rebirths, leading some current authors to complain that there has been such a proliferation of theories of psychoanalysis over the past 115 years that the field has become theoretically fragmented and is in disarray (Fonagy & Target, 2003; Rangell, 2006). In this paper, Kenny surveys the past and present landscapes of psychoanalytic theorizing and clinical practice to trace the evolution of Freud’s original insights and psychoanalytic techniques to current theory and practice. First, the article sketches the evolutionary chronology of psychoanalytic theory; second, it discusses the key psychoanalytic techniques derived from clinical practice, with which psychoanalysis is most strongly identified; third, it interrogates whether Freud’s original theoretical conceptualizations and clinical practices are still recognizable in current psychoanalytic theory and practice, using four key exemplars – object relations theory, attachment-informed psychotherapy, existential/ phenomenological and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy; and fourth, the article discusses recent disintegrative developments in psychoanalytic scholarship. To this end, the article critiques the cul-de-sacs into which some psychoanalytic scholars have directed us and concludes with the hope that the current state of affairs can be remedied.

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Anxiety: It's Phenomenology in the First Year of Life

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Are Emotions Natural Kinds?

Are Emotions Natural Kinds?

Language and affective facial expression in children with perinatal stroke

A Brief History of Psychoanalysis: From Freud to Fantasy to Folly

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