In a 1955 review of the second installment of volumes comprising the British historian Arnold Toynbee's massive 12-volume work A Study of History, Hans J. Morgenthau (1962i, 60) formulates a distinction between what he terms religion, on the one hand, and religiosity, on the other. 1 This review is one of the select few places where he explicitly articulates this distinction, his (1983, 15) posthumously published writings on Abraham Lincoln being another. 2 Yet, the limited instances of overt exploration of these two notions belie the central importance of this distinction to Morgenthau's overall outlook regarding the character of international politics in the late-modern era. That this distinction is fundamental to Morgenthau's entire framework is evident, for example, in the claim which opens Morgenthau's (1983, 6) exploration of the qualities that make Abraham Lincoln the man who, above all others, serves for Morgenthau in his later years as the pre-eminent statesman, namely, the claim that the J.-H. Valk