Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Burnout in Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparing Mental Health Professionals and Other Healthcare Workers

Franzoi, Isabella Giulia; Granieri, Antonella; Sauta, Maria Domenica; Agnesone, Monica; Gonella, M.; Cavallo, Roberto; Lochner, Piergiorgio; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Naldi, Andrea

doi:10.3390/healthcare9060635

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…On the other hand, this study identified a condition of well-being in users and staff in mental health care in Italy during COVID-19, which is in line with surveys conducted in Italy in the same era that found a condition of well-being in mental health workers [32,33]. The consistency of the good results from the other studies in Italy in terms of mental health during COVID-19 [32,33] can also support the generalizability of the Sardinian results to the Italian model, which, albeit with differences, is nevertheless unique in its specificity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Why Was the Perception of Human Rights Respect and Care Satisfaction So High in Users of Italian Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Carta

Sancassiani

Ganassi

et al. 2022

JCM

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The aim of this study was to compare users’ and mental health workers’ (MHW) perception of respect of human rights and job/care satisfaction in mental health services in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of users and MHW of Sardinia, Italy, fulfilled the “Well-Being at work and respect for human rights questionnaire” (WWRR). The study included 240 MHW and 200 users. Users showed a higher level of satisfaction of care than MHW of work, and a higher perception of the satisfaction of users and human rights respected for health workers. Both user and MHW responses were about 85% of the maximum score, except for satisfaction with resources. Responses were higher for users, but users and MHW both showed high levels of satisfaction. In previous surveys, MHW of Sardinia showed higher scores in all items of WWRR, except for satisfaction with resources, compared with workers from other health sectors of the same region, and with MHW from other countries. The low score for satisfaction with resources (in users and staff) is consistent with a progressive impoverishment of resources for mental health care in Italy. The study, although confirming the validity of the Italian model, fully oriented towards community, sets off an alarm bell on the risks resulting from the decrease in resources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Why Was the Perception of Human Rights Respect and Care Satisfaction So High in Users of Italian Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Carta

Sancassiani

Ganassi

et al. 2022

JCM

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show abstract

“…The pandemic has revealed the excessive optimism of these statements and has produced a shocking awareness in healthcare workers (HCWs) of the fragility and vulnerability of the Italian healthcare system ( 8 ). During the first months of the pandemic, a substantial number of health professionals found themselves without basic personal protective equipment, with scarce opportunities to get tested for the virus, and with the additional challenges of working in a system with considerable organizational deficiencies that soon went into crisis ( 9 – 13 ). In 2020, according to the Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, around 70% of over 100,000 work accidents claims due to COVID-19 were from HCWs, and 60% of the fatal cases concerned nurses ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Italy: Analyzing the Role of Individual and Workplace-Level Factors in the Reopening Phase After Lockdown

et al. 2022

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IntroductionItaly is one of the high-income countries hit hardest by Covid-19. During the first months of the pandemic, Italian healthcare workers were praised by media and the public for their efforts to face the emergency, although with limited knowledge and resources. However, healthcare workers soon had to face new challenges at a time when the national health system was working hard to recover. This study focuses on this difficult period to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Italian healthcare workers.Materials and MethodsHealthcare workers from all Italian regions [n = 5,502] completed an online questionnaire during the reopening phase after the first wave lockdown. We assessed a set of individual-level factors (e.g., stigma and violence against HCWs) and a set of workplace-level factors (e.g., trust in the workplace capacity to handle COVID-19) that were especially relevant in this context. The primary outcomes assessed were score ≥15 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and score ≥4 on the General Health Questionnaire-12, indicators of clinically significant depressive symptoms and psychological distress, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were performed on depressive symptoms and psychological distress for each individual- and workplace-level factor adjusting for gender, age, and profession.ResultsClinically significant depressive symptoms were observed in 7.5% and psychological distress in 37.9% of HCWs. 30.5% of healthcare workers reported having felt stigmatized or discriminated, while 5.7% reported having experienced violence. Feeling stigmatized or discriminated and experiencing violence due to being a healthcare worker were strongly associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms [OR 2.98, 95%CI 2.36–3.77 and OR 4.72 95%CI 3.41–6.54] and psychological distress [OR 2.30, 95%CI 2.01–2.64 and OR 2.85 95%CI 2.16–3.75]. Numerous workplace-level factors, e.g., trust in the workplace capacity to handle COVID-19 [OR 2.43, 95%CI 1.92–3.07] and close contact with a co-worker who died of COVID-19 [OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.56–2.70] were also associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Similar results were found for psychological distress.ConclusionsOur study emphasizes the need to address discrimination and violence against healthcare professionals and improve healthcare work environments to strengthen the national health system's capacity to manage future emergencies.

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“…In terms of priority ranking, this study ranked psychological, biological and physiological risk management as the third, fourth and fifth management factors. Risk factors such as anxiety, irritability, sadness, bacteria, viruses, parasites and fatigue are of central importance in order to protect the occupational health of gas workers [ 2 , 4 , 47 ]. Various precautionary measures have been suggested in published literature [ 6 , 56 , 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, constant change in work conditions implies new workloads for workers [ 51 ]. Work overload destroys workers’ environment-coping competencies, which may produce emotional changes and symptoms of stress such as anxiety, irritability, sadness and depression, which is identified as a psychological and social risk factor [ 4 ]. More than that, chronic stress is likely to cause psychological stress and mental disorders [ 52 ].…”

Section: Literature Review and Conceptual Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, studies indicate that gas station workers often suffer from noise-related health problems, including tinnitus, dizziness, and decreased hearing acuity [ 3 ]. Work overload destroys workers’ environment-coping competencies, producing emotional and stress-related changes such as anxiety, irritability, sadness and depression [ 4 ]. Besides, Mao-kui and Hong-jun [ 5 ] proposed various approaches to encounter fire at gas stations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Occupational Health Risk Management and Performance in China: A Case Study of Gas Station Workers

Mohsin¹,

Hengbin²,

Huang³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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China has a large number of gas stations, with which thousands of workers are associated. There is abundant online literature documenting the various occupational health risks these workers face. However, this literature has many flaws to address, and it falls short of suggesting measures to manage these risks. This study strives to fill that gap, and aims to improve the occupational health of gas station workers through comprehensive risk management and performance analysis. To this end, a reasonable volume of reliable data, i.e., 208 completed questionnaires, were analyzed through current statistical routines, viz., fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). These methods were employed to hierarchically organize the main factors and sub-factors of physical risk management, chemical risk management, biological risk management, physiological risk management and psychological risk management according to their appraised importance, and screen out the risk management stratagem for priority improvement. Research findings reveal that chemical risk and biological risk response schemes have the lowest performance, and need to be prioritized for improvement. Furthermore, this study argues that we can safeguard the occupational health of gas station workers through appropriate risk management strategies. It also elaborates on implications, limitations and future research directions.

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Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Burnout in Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparing Mental Health Professionals and Other Healthcare Workers

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Why Was the Perception of Human Rights Respect and Care Satisfaction So High in Users of Italian Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Why Was the Perception of Human Rights Respect and Care Satisfaction So High in Users of Italian Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Italy: Analyzing the Role of Individual and Workplace-Level Factors in the Reopening Phase After Lockdown

Evaluation of Occupational Health Risk Management and Performance in China: A Case Study of Gas Station Workers

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