Anxiety Sensitivity in African-American Adolescents: Evidence of Symptom Specificity of Anxiety Sensitivity Components

Lambert, Sharon F.; McCreary, Beth T.; Preston, Jennifer L.; Schmidt, Norman B.; Joiner, Thomas E.; Ialongo, Nicholas S.

doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000128799.99225.88

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…There has been considerable interest in evaluating the three subscales of the original ASI to provide additional clarity regarding the components of AS [Lambert et al, 2004;Zvolensky and Forsyth, 2002]. Some studies suggest that an evaluation of specific sensitivities may yield better predictions depending on the outcomes of interest [Schmidt, 1999;Zinbarg et al, 2001].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety sensitivity and CO2 challenge reactivity as unique and interactive prospective predictors of anxiety pathology

Schmidt

Zvolensky

2007

Depress. Anxiety

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Emerging evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) and CO(2)-induced fear reactivity are associated with panic attacks and anxiety disorders. However, evidence regarding the unique and potentially synergistic effects of these variables is currently lacking. Our primary aims in this study were to determine whether AS and CO(2)-induced fear reactivity are unique and potentially interactive vulnerability factors involved in the pathogenesis of panic attacks and anxiety psychopathology. A large nonclinical sample of young adults (N=404) was prospectively followed over approximately 2 years. AS (i.e., 16-item Anxiety Sensitivity Index total scores) and biological challenge reactivity [i.e., fearful responding to pre- and postchallenge changes in subjective units of distress (SUDS) to a 20-s 20% CO(2) challenge] at study entry served as the primary predictor variables. Consistent with expectation, AS and challenge reactivity correlated only moderately with one another. Challenge reactivity was uniquely associated with the development of spontaneous panic attacks, whereas AS was uniquely associated with anxiety disorder diagnoses, including panic disorder. Moreover, the combination of both risk factors predicted spontaneous panic attacks beyond the effects of either risk factor individually. These data provide novel evidence for the unique and combined effects of AS and CO(2)-induced fear reactivity as risk factors in the development of anxiety and its disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety sensitivity and CO2 challenge reactivity as unique and interactive prospective predictors of anxiety pathology

Schmidt

Zvolensky

2007

Depress. Anxiety

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“…In terms of concurrent validity, the BHIF Depression subscale is significantly associated with a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV (Shaffer, Fisher, Lucas, Dulcan, & Schwab-Stone, 2000). The BHIF-AY Depression subscale correlates significantly with self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism (McCreary, Joiner, Schmidt, & Ialongo, 2004), and anxiety sensitivity (Lambert et al, 2004). Chronbach’s alpha for the Depression scale in grade ten was .87.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Racism and Depressive Symptoms in African American Adolescents: The Role of Perceived Academic and Social Control

Lambert

Herman

Bynum

et al. 2009

J Youth Adolescence

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Experiences with racism are a common occurrence for African American youth and may result in negative self perceptions relevant for the experience of depressive symptoms. This study examined the longitudinal association between perceptions of racism and depressive symptoms, and whether perceived academic or social control mediated this association, in a community epidemiologicallydefined sample of urban African American adolescents (N = 500; 46.4% female). Structural equation modeling revealed that experiences with racism were associated with low perceived academic control, which in turn was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that experiences with racism can have long lasting effects for African American youth's depressive symptoms, and highlight the detrimental effects of experiences with racism for perceptions of control in the academic domain. Implications for intervention are discussed.Keywords adolescent depression; African American; racism; perceived control Contextual stressors are critical for understanding depression and other psychosocial outcomes in African American adolescents (Garcia Coll et al., 1996;Hammack, 2003). One type of contextual stress central to the experience of many African American adolescents is the experience of racism and discrimination (Harrell, 2000). Clark and colleagues define racism as "beliefs, attitudes, institutional arrangements, and acts that tend to denigrate individuals or groups because of phenotypic characteristics or ethnic group affiliation" (Clark, Anderson, Clark, & Williams, 1999, p. 805). According to their model of racism as a biopsychosocial stressor, the perception of an event as racist activates a set of psychological and emotional stress responses to the event (Clark et al., 1999). NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptA significant body of work has documented the harmful effects of racism on the physical and mental health outcomes of African American adults (e.g., Clark et al., 1999;Jackson et al., 1996). In particular, racism has been linked to adverse birth outcomes (Giscombe & Lobel, 2005), hypertension (Brondolo, Rieppi, Kelly, & Gerin, 2003), substance abuse (Gibbons, Gerrard, Cleveland, Wills, & Brody, 2004), and psychological distress (Williams, Neighbors, & Jackson, 2003). Although much of the empirical research linking adults' experiences with racism with mental health has been cross-sectional (Williams et al., 2003), prospective studies have found that adult experiences with racism and discrimination are linked with later mental health difficulties. For example, Schulz and colleagues (2006) found that increases in discrimination over a two-year period were positively associated with increases in depressive symptoms over that same period even after adjusting for baseline symptoms of discrimination and depression (Schulz et al., 2006). Thus, experiences with racism can have long lasting adverse health consequences for adults.Relative to research examining consequences of rac...

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“…More recently, AS has also been related to other psychiatric conditions including alcohol and substance abuse (Stewart, Peterson, & Pihl, 1995;Stewart, Zvolensky, & Eifert, 2001;Zvolensky, Schmidt, & Stewart, 2003) as well as mood disorders (Cox, Enns, Freeman, & Walker, 2001;Lambert et al, 2004;Taylor, Koch, Woody, & McLean, 1996). Laboratory studies and prospective naturalistic studies have provided converging evidence that high levels of AS increase risk for the development of these pathologies (Donnell & McNally, 1989;Maller & Reiss, 1992;Schmidt, Lerew, & Jackson, 1997;Schmidt, Lerew, & Jackson, 1999).…”

Section: Preventative Studies Targeting Cognitive Riskmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anxiety Sensitivity Amelioration Training (ASAT): A longitudinal primary prevention program targeting cognitive vulnerability

Schmidt

Eggleston

Woolaway-Bickel

et al. 2007

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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172

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Anxiety Sensitivity in African-American Adolescents: Evidence of Symptom Specificity of Anxiety Sensitivity Components

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Anxiety sensitivity and CO2 challenge reactivity as unique and interactive prospective predictors of anxiety pathology

Anxiety sensitivity and CO2 challenge reactivity as unique and interactive prospective predictors of anxiety pathology

Perceptions of Racism and Depressive Symptoms in African American Adolescents: The Role of Perceived Academic and Social Control

Anxiety Sensitivity Amelioration Training (ASAT): A longitudinal primary prevention program targeting cognitive vulnerability

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