Anxiogenic and stress-inducing effects of peripherally administered acetaldehyde in mice: Similarities with the disulfiram–ethanol reaction

The Impact of Caffeine on the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Related to Abuse and Addiction: A Review of Animal Studies

“…[143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150] HPA axis activation ultimately leads to increases in the biosynthesis and systemic secretion of adrenocorticosteroids. The effects of alcohol and other drugs of abuse on this axis are relevant, because a link between the stress response and drug abuse and addiction has been observed.…”

“…Thus, drug abuse is often accompanied by enhanced brain stress responses, which in turn may contribute to the addiction process. 152 In regard to ethanol and caffeine, moderate acute doses of ethanol [144][145][146][147] or caffeine 143,[148][149][150] have been shown to increase the plasma corticosterone levels in rodents and cortisol in humans. However, only one study so far has explored the interaction of caffeine and ethanol on corticosterone release.…”

The effects of adenosine antagonists on distinct aspects of motivated behavior: interaction with ethanol and dopamine depletion

“…Animals were evaluated in the DL immediately after being tested in the EPM, which could possibly have masked the anxiogenic effects of both drugs in this paradigm. However, this serial testing procedure has been previously used to assess anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects of other drugs, and both effects were constant in both paradigms [51,52]. It is possible then, that the anxiogenic reaction produced by methylxantines is not very strong, and habituates easily.…”

“…46,[49][50][51][52] Methylxanthines such as caffeine also can affect locomotor activity in a biphasic way. [53][54][55][56] However, few studies have evaluated caffeine-ethanol interactions using locomotion as a measure.…”

“…70 Thus, as described above, results in females and males seem to be opposite. In regard to ethanol and caffeine, moderate acute doses of ethanol [145][146][147][148] or caffeine 144,[149][150][151] have been shown to increase plasma corticosterone levels in rodents and cortisol in humans. But only one study so far has explored the interaction of caffeine and ethanol on corticosterone release.…”