Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Bergamot Essential Oil Are Insensitive to Flumazenil in Rats

Rombolà, Laura; Scuteri, Damiana; Adornetto, Annagrazia; Straface, Marilisa; Sakurada, Tsukasa; Sakurada, Shinobu; Mizoguchi, Hirokazu; Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana; Bagetta, Giacinto; Tonin, Paolo; Morrone, Luigi Antonio

doi:10.1155/2019/2156873

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In particular, BEO decreased grooming behavior in the open field test as diazepam and most of the anxiolyitic drugs, but without the loss of vigilance induced by diazepam [55]. This effect of BEO in the open field test was not significantly counteracted by flumazenil, hence it is not superimposable to the activity of benzodiazepines [56]. Indeed, BEO was observed to increase alpha electroencephalographic frequency of relaxation and beta brainwave activity of alert [57].…”

Section: Novel Pharmacological Mechanisms For Npss Of Dementia CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropharmacology of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia and Role of Pain: Essential Oil of Bergamot as a Novel Therapeutic Approach

Scuteri

Rombolà

Morrone

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Aging of the population makes of dementia a challenge for health systems worldwide. The cognitive disturbance is a serious but not the only issue in dementia; behavioral and psychological syndromes known as neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia remarkably reduce the quality of life. The cluster of symptoms includes anxiety, depression, wandering, delusions, hallucinations, misidentifications, agitation and aggression. The pathophysiology of these symptoms implicates all the neurotransmitter systems, with a pivotal role for the glutamatergic neurotransmission. Imbalanced glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions, over-activation of the extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and alterations of the latter have been linked to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by almost the entire demented population. Drugs with efficacy and safety for prevention or long term treatment of these disorders are not available yet. Aromatherapy provides the best evidence for positive outcomes in the control of agitation, the most resistant symptom. Demented patients often cannot verbalize pain, resulting in unrelieved symptoms and contributing to agitation. Bergamot essential oil provides extensive preclinical evidence of analgesic properties. Incidentally, the essential oil of bergamot induces anxyolitic-like effects devoid of sedation, typical of benzodiazepines, with a noteworthy advantage for demented patients. These data, together with the reported safety profile, form the rational basis for bergamot as a neurotherapeutic to be trialed for the control of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

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Section: Novel Pharmacological Mechanisms For Npss Of Dementia CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropharmacology of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia and Role of Pain: Essential Oil of Bergamot as a Novel Therapeutic Approach

Scuteri

Rombolà

Morrone

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…Among others, aromatherapy with Melissa has provided evidence for reduction of agitation [70]. Interestingly, the essential oil of bergamot is endowed with powerful analgesic (see [12,71,72]) and anxiolytic, nonbenzodiazepine-like properties [73,74] forming the rational basis for a starting clinical trial (NCT04321889) exploring whether it may represent a safe and effective treatment of BPSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and pain: evidence on pharmacoutilization from a large real-world sample and from a centre for cognitive disturbances and dementia

Scuteri

Vulnera²,

Piro³

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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Purpose Data concerning the number of diagnoses and of the drugs prescribed to patients affected by dementia are still scarce. Here we test whether or not (1) prescription of symptomatic drugs against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may approximate the number of patients affected by dementia in Italy and (2) adherence to this treatment affects the pattern of prescription of drugs (i.e. antipsychotics and antidepressants) for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and the previously reported limited prescription of analgesics. Methods This retrospective observational study concerns 84,235 subjects older than 60 years and registered in the provincial prescription database of the health district of Cosenza accounting for a population of 298,000 inhabitants. The prescribing pattern of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and analgesics has been investigated in patients receiving concurrent prescriptions of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) and/or memantine. Data from a single centre for cognitive disturbances and dementia (CDCD) in the same health district were used to explore at which stage dementia was diagnosed. The study was approved by Calabria Region Ethical Committee no. 31/2017 and registered on October 31, 2017. Results The data show that 859 patients are treated with AChEI and/or memantine; 420 patients (48.89%) receive at least 80% of the recommended medications. CDCD data indicate a delay in dementia diagnosis, which often was made when the patients were moderately to severely demented (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE ≤ 20). Adherence did not influence prescription of most of the drugs explored, but use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was higher in non-adherent patients. Antipsychotics and antidepressants are frequently used (20.61–20.71% and 42.37–51.43%, respectively), and this, at least in part, might stem from the observed under-treatment of chronic pain (opioids are prescribed in the 4.76% and 12.46% of adherent and non-adherent patients and gabapentin and pregabalin are used in the 4.29% and 4.07% of adherent and non-adherent patients respectively), resulting in more frequent BPSD. 16.43% of patients receive antipsychotics for longer than 6–12 weeks. Conclusion This 2-year period study, including a wide cohort of community demented patients, shows that dementia is diagnosed late and that prevalence of BPSD prescriptions is high and not impacted by adherence to anti-dementia drugs. The rate of prescription of potentially harmful antipsychotics and antidepressants appears to be high though whether the concomitantly observed limited prescription of analgesics might be a contributing factor needs to be further investigated. Our data support the development of strategies to improve the management of BPSD.

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“…Pre-treatment of flumazenil did not affect behaviours in an open field test compared to BEO. Therefore, it is supposed that benzodiazepine receptors are potentially not involved in BEO effects [30].…”

Section: Bergamot Essential Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected essential oils and their mechanisms for therapeutic use against public health disorders. An overview

Leherbauer

Stappen

2020

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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AbstractToday, the numbers of people suffering from lifestyle diseases like diabetes, obesity, allergies and depression increases mainly in industrialised states. That does not only lower patients’ quality of life but also severely stresses the health care systems of these countries. Essential oils (EO) have been in use as therapeutic remedies for centuries against various complaints, but still their effectiveness is being underestimated. In the last decades, a great number of controlled studies have supported efficacy of these volatile secondary plant metabolites for various therapeutic indications. Besides others, EO has antidepressant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antifirogenic and antiallergic effects. In this review the pharmacological mechanisms for selected EO are summarised and discussed with the main attention on their impact against public health disorders. Additionally, toxicity of these oils as well as possible drug interactions is presented.

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Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Bergamot Essential Oil Are Insensitive to Flumazenil in Rats

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Neuropharmacology of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia and Role of Pain: Essential Oil of Bergamot as a Novel Therapeutic Approach

Neuropharmacology of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia and Role of Pain: Essential Oil of Bergamot as a Novel Therapeutic Approach

Pattern of treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and pain: evidence on pharmacoutilization from a large real-world sample and from a centre for cognitive disturbances and dementia

Selected essential oils and their mechanisms for therapeutic use against public health disorders. An overview

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