Estimating scene flow in real world LiDAR point clouds from an autonomous vehicle. Left: Overlay of two consecutive frames of point clouds (green and blue, respectively) sampled at 10 Hz from the Waymo Open Dataset [48]. White boxes indicate tracked 3D bounding boxes for human annotated vehicles and pedestrians. Right: Predicted scene flow for each point colored by direction, and brightened by the magnitude of motion based on overlaid frames † . Note that pedestrians and vehicles have distinctly different colors based on the direction of movement.