Aonla (Emblica officinalis) in India: A review of its improvement, production and diversified uses

Abstract

Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), commonly called Indian gooseberry, belonging to family Euphorbiaceae, is one of the oldest known indigenous fruit tree species with wide distribution, reflecting its adaptation to wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions. It is an important fruit owing to its nutritional, therapeutical, and postharvest and industrial value. Various pharmaceutical attributes of aonla have been described in ancient treatise either in combined formulation or alone. In a bid to better utilize and improve the present genetic resource, there is a need to apprehend and appreciate the studies related to use, centre of origin and diversity, as well as the characterization, evaluation and conservation, taxonomy and systematics, phenology, floral biology and pollination. In addition to basic biology of plant, agro-techniques, propagation, canopy architecture, physiological disorders, insect-pests and diseases and their management practices, etc. have been used to conserve aonla germplasm as well as improve its production. An attempt has been made to cover aforementioned aspects with respect to aonla in this review article.

Recent Insights into the Morphological, Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) for the Development of Functional Foods

“…Emblica fischeri is a species used to produce pickles, and Phyllanthus indofischeri is a wide crown tree that may be found in south Indian scrub forests. These species are largely grown for aesthetic purpose [ 16 ].…”

“…The Indian gooseberry has a somatic chromosomal number of 2n = 28, despite having a 2n = 26 basic chromosome number [ 16 ]. Flowers are held on fixed stems as axillary cymules in the axils of the leaves.…”

Exploring the Chemical and Biological Potential of Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) Leaves: A Comprehensive Review

“…The flavonoids present in jamun leaves (JLs) are quercetin, myricetin, myricitrin, the flavonols comprised as glycosides, acetyl derivative, while the phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and phenylpropanoid. [64] Antioxidant activity of phenolics largely attributed to their redox properties, associated with chelating transitional metals, scavenging of free radicals, and inhibiting lipoxygenase. Whereas, hydroxyl functional groups have contributed to the scavenging activity of flavonoids, following the similar mechanisms of action of scavenging or chelating free radicals.…”

“…Jamun leaves constituted of numerous antioxidant compounds including flavonoids primarily. The flavonoids present in jamun leaves (JLs) are quercetin, myricetin, myricitrin, the flavonols comprised as glycosides, acetyl derivative, while the phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and phenylpropanoid [64] . Antioxidant activity of phenolics largely attributed to their redox properties, associated with chelating transitional metals, scavenging of free radicals, and inhibiting lipoxygenase.…”

Impact of Nutrient Management through Bio-organic Manure on Bio-chemical Attributes of Aonla (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) cv. NA-10

“…Banarasi, a superior genotype was selected from the wild Aonla trees are available in large number in the nearby Vindhyan hills. Authentic information regarding its cultivation dates back to 1881-82 in the Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh [3]. It occupies an area of 100 thousand hectares with a production of 1206 thousand MT [4].…”