Aortic arch variation analyzed by using plastination

Abstract

Different ramification patterns can be observed during the development of the aortic arch. In this study a common trunk (CT), which subsequently branched into the brachiocephalic trunk (BT) and left common carotid artery (LCCA), arose from the aortic arch. The LCCA arose from the CT 10.27 mm above the aortic arch. After crossing the ventral aspect of the trachea and esophagus, the LCCA became situated on the left side of the esophagus. The caliber and length of the main branches of the aortic arch were determined and compared to reports in the literature. This variation was discovered in the context of producing transverse body slices using an E12 plastination process.

Shrinkage of Renal Tissue after Impregnation via the Cold Biodur Plastination Technique

“…This points out different propensities for and/or resistance to shrinkage during cold acetone dehydration, impregnation, and curing by different tissues. When measurements are taken before and after plastination to calculate shrinkage to be able to correct the final results (Sora et al, 2002;Sebe et al, 2005;Sora and Genser-Strobl, 2005), all tissue types present in the specimens should be considered. This is especially important when morphometry is made in specimens with two or more tissues with likely very different rates of shrinkage, that is, bone versus soft tissue.…”

“…Brown et al (2002) and Reed and Henry (2002) used fluid displacement to quantify shrinkage of a variety of organs, which were dehydrated with either room temperature or cold acetone. Sora et al (2002) used scanned images of slices and morphometrics to identify two-dimensional (area) shrinkage associated with cold (À25 C) acetone dehydration, which was 2.13%. As well, shrinkage associated with room temperature degreasing using acetone plus impregnation with epoxy resin plus curing was measured as 4.52%.…”

Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the ankle by means of ultrathin slice plastination

“…The main steps for this method are preparing thin slices of the desired specimen, cold dehydration, degreasing, impregnation, and finally curing (von Hagens, 1986;Lane, 1990;Weber and Henry, 1993;Cook, 1996;Cook and Al-Ali, 1997;Fasel et al, 1988;An and Zhang, 1999;Sora et al, 2002;Sora et al, 2004). Ultrathin slice plastination produces slices with a thickness of 1 mm down to 0.3 mm (Johnson et al, 2000;Windisch and Weiglein, 2001).…”

Common Trunk Origin of the Brachiocephalic and Left Common Carotid Arteries from the Aortic Arch

“…In a Kenyan population in Africa, the incidence of this variation was found to be 25.7% of the 113 aortic arches of adult cadavers [6]. Sora et al [10] reported a similar case in which the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries arose from a common trunk. Rea et al [5] found this variation in 22% (302/1359) patients who had undergone Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Angiography.…”

“…Physicians must be aware of possible variations in these major arteries when performing procedures such as needle biopsies or injections [11]. Although anomalous origins of the aortic arch branches are merely anatomic variants, accurate information about them is vital for safe endovascular surgeries aortic instrumentation and angiographies in the thorax, head and neck region [6,10,12,13,18,19]. Variations in branching pattern of the aortic arch may cause dyspnoea, dysphagia, intermittent claudication, misinterpretation of radiological examinations and complications during neck and thorax surgery and may be accompanied by other congenital abnormalities [14,18,19].…”