Homogeneous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has gained
attention
for its simplicity and stability. However, false positives due to
solution background interference pose a challenge. To address this,
magnetic ECL nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Ru@SiO2 NPs) were synthesized, offering easy modification, magnetic
separation, and stable luminescence. These were utilized in an ECL
sensor for miRNA-155 (miR-155) detection, with locked DNAzyme and
substrate chain (mDNA) modified on their surface. The poor conductivity
of long-chain DNA significantly impacts the conductivity and electron
transfer capability of Fe3O4@Ru@SiO2 NPs, resulting in weaker ECL signals. Upon target presence, unlocked
DNAzyme catalyzes mDNA cleavage, leading to shortened DNA chains and
reduced density. In contrast, the presence of short-chain DNA has
minimal impact on the conductivity and electron transfer capability
of Fe3O4@Ru@SiO2 NPs. Simultaneously,
the material surface’s electronegativity decreases, weakening
the electrostatic repulsion with the negatively charged electrode,
resulting in the system detecting stronger ECL signals. This sensor
enables homogeneous ECL detection while mitigating solution background
interference through magnetic separation. Within a range of 100 fM
to 10 nM, the sensor exhibits a linear relationship between ECL intensity
and target concentration, with a 26.91 fM detection limit. It demonstrates
high accuracy in clinical sample detection, holding significant potential
for clinical diagnostics. Future integration with innovative detection
strategies may further enhance sensitivity and specificity in biosensing
applications.