Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity, Ankle-Brachial Index, and Malondialdehyde in Older Adults with or without Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is an important health problem associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and it leads to an elevated total mortality. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is widely used for noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) predicts peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) is thought to be involved in the development of arterial stiffness. The present study aimed to: (1) compare aPWV, ABI, and MDA between participants with MetS and those without MetS and (2) investigate the correlation of aPWV and ABI with the components of MetS and MDA. A total of 48 Thai elderly subjects were divided into 2 groups (MetS and non-MetS) according to the parameters set by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). aPWV and ABI were measured using the VaSera VS-1500 system (Fukuda Denshi Co., Tokyo, Japan). MDA was determined by spectrophotometry. aPWV and MDA were significantly higher in the MetS group compared to the participants in the non-MetS group (9.33 ± 2.72 vs. 7.95 ± 1.37 m/s, p = 0.03, and 0.74 ± 0.71 vs. 0.45 ± 0.20 μmol, p = 0.02, respectively). However, ABI did not differ between the groups. Analysis of the risk factors of aPWV in each group revealed that there were no statistical associations between the components of MetS and MDA and aPWV in both the MetS and the non-MetS groups. A high aPWV is more prevalent among patients with MetS than among those without MetS. Monitoring of aPWV might help to explore potential detection of vascular damage in the elderly.

Impact of Fasting Blood Glucose Levels on Blood Pressure Parameters among Older Adults with Prediabetes

“…First, hyperglycemia activates the renin-angiotensin system [16,18] and induces angiotensinogen transcription and angiotensin II production. Angiotensin II promotes the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells and stimulates collagen synthesis leading to decreased vascular diameter [19]. Second, hyperglycemia is closely correlated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which contributes to the development of high arterial BP.…”

HFpEF and Atrial Fibrillation: The Enigmatic Interplay of Dysmetabolism, Biomarkers, and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction

“…Hyperglycemia causes an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on the local level, and it is well acknowledged that aldosterone causes proliferation of the smooth muscle and increases collagen synthesis in the vessel wall. The exact function of MDA regarding the increase in stiffness of arterial wall is still unknown, but it is assumed that the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species in the vascular wall in the state of comorbidities of HFpEF can lead to adverse remodeling of the vascular wall, which increases its stiffness and the measured values of PWV [ 28 ]. Our results support this hypothesis.…”

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Are Associated with Coexistent Severe Multivessel Coronary Artery Stenosis and Right Carotid Artery Severe Stenosis in Elderly Patients

“…MDA as a biomarker of oxidative stress is involved in the initiation and the development of atherosclerosis [ 49 ]. MDA is formed during the lipid peroxidation, leading to generation of oxidative stress and interplay with cell membrane receptors promoting the inflammatory procession and arterial plaque ruptures [ 50 ]. We showed levels of oxidative stress (TOS, LHP, 8-IP, and MDA) were increased in elderly patients with coexistent right carotid artery severe stenosis and severe multivessel coronary artery stenosis.…”