Aortic thrombosis in dogs

Williams, Trevor P.E.; Shaw, S.; Porter, Adam; Berkwitt, Larry

doi:10.1111/vec.12527

Cited by 29 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Thromboembolism has been associated with protein losing diseases (nephropathy or enteropathy), diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, and various neoplasia, steroid administration, and cardiovascular disease . In a recent study, protein losing nephropathy was the most common disease process identified in 64 out of 291 dogs with aortic thromboembolism and 15 out of 291 dogs had systemic hypertension .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension

Holland

Hudson

Bao

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Chronically sustained systemic hypertension in dogs can damage the kidneys, eye, brain, heart, and vessels. In human medicine, systemic hypertension has been implicated as the most common risk factor for aorta dilation, which can progress to an aneurysm. Abdominal ultrasound has been commonly used to monitor the size of the abdominal aorta in people with systemic hypertension. In this retrospective cross‐sectional abdominal ultrasound study, evaluation of the size of the abdominal aorta relative to the caudal vena cava was performed in 18 control dogs and 128 dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension. Preexisting conditions contributing to systemic hypertension in these dogs were renal disease, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, adrenal tumors, and previous administration of phenylpropanolamine or palladia. The abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava were assessed from longitudinal images cranial to the trifurcation with measurements made from outer border to outer border of the walls, being careful not to compress the caudal vena cava that would alter its size. Our hypothesis was the ratio of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to caudal vena cava would be higher in dogs with systemic hypertension compared to dogs with normal blood pressure. The mean abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio was 1.028 in control dogs with a normal blood pressure and 1.515 in dogs with systemic hypertension. In dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension, the abdominal aorta was dilated compared to the caudal vena cava in the caudal abdomen. An increase in the abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio in a dog should raise suspicion for the presence of systemic hypertension and prompt evaluation of blood pressure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension

Holland

Hudson

Bao

et al. 2019

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…The predominance of deep vein thrombosis as a precursor to pulmonary embolism in people and of atherosclerosis as a precursor to arterial thrombosis further complicates our ability to directly extrapolate from the human literature, given that deep vein thrombosis and atherosclerosis are uncommon in veterinary medicine. Growing interest in hypercoagulability has led to the development of a body of veterinary literature describing thrombosis and use of antithrombotics in dogs and cats …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retrospective studies of thrombotic states consistently document a number of comorbidities that likely represent hypercoagulable states . The lack of large epidemiology studies that quantify risk of thrombosis with any one disease state complicates generation of recommendations related to antithrombotic therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 1—Defining populations at risk

deLaforcade

Bacek

Blais

et al. 2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objectives:Thrombosis is a well-recognized phenomenon in dogs and cats with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Despite growing awareness of thrombosis and increased use of antithrombotic therapy, there is little information in the veterinary literature to guide the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. The goal of Domain 1 was to explore the association between disease and thrombosis in a number of conditions identified as potential risk factors in the current veterinary literature, to provide the basis for prescribing recommendations.Design: A population exposure comparison outcome format was used to represent patient, exposure, comparison, and outcome. Population Exposure Comparison Outcome questions were distributed to worksheet authors who performed comprehensive searches, summarized the evidence, and created guideline recommendations that were reviewed by domain chairs. Revised guidelines then underwent the Delphi survey process to reach consensus on the final guidelines.Diseases evaluated included immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, protein-losing nephropathy, pancreatitis, glucocorticoid therapy, hyperadrenocorticism, neoplasia, sepsis, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiac disease.Settings: Academic and referral veterinary medical centers.

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“…lateralised motor deficits or seizures. MRI Occlusions of peripheral or central veins (Williams et al 2017;Moise 2007 Ischaemic damage to the limbs: Acute onset limb paralysis with cold extremities, firm painful muscles, and non-palpable pulse distal to the thromboembolism. Swelling of the face.…”

Section: Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal platelet activity in dogs and cats – impact and measurement

Gant

McBride

Humm

2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Abnormal platelet activity can either lead to bleeding tendencies or inappropriate thrombus formation and can occur secondarily to a wide variety of disease processes, with a range of clinical consequences and severity. This article will discuss the pathophysiology of platelet function abnormalities and consider a logical diagnostic approach applicable to veterinary practice. Recent advances in platelet function testing will then be discussed, with regards to detection of platelet dysfunction and tailoring of pharmacological manipulation. Although many of these tests are still confined to research or academic institutions, techniques for indirectly assessing platelet function are starting to become more widely available. Although we still require further research to develop guidelines for the use of these tests in clinical decision‐making, the recent advances in this field are an exciting step forward in being able to detect and manage platelet dysfunction in both primary care and referral practice.

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Aortic thrombosis in dogs

Abstract: Survival for dogs with ATh or ATE is reported to be between 50% and 60%. Dogs that present with chronic clinical signs appear to have a better prognosis than those who are acutely affected or those who are severely affected.

Cited by 29 publications

References 98 publications

Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension

Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension

Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 1—Defining populations at risk

Abnormal platelet activity in dogs and cats – impact and measurement

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