AOX – a functional marker for efficient cell reprogramming under stress?

Arnholdt‐Schmitt, Birgit; Costa, José Hélio; Melo, Dirce Fernandes de

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.05.001

Cited by 183 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Siedow and his colleagues suggested that AOX affects the metabolism through more pervasive effects, including some that are extramitochondrial Umbach et al, 2005). They further proposed an idea that the Aox gene functions, as a marker for genetic variation in cell reprogramming, yield stability and stress resistance (Arnholdt-Schmitt et al, 2006). In our experiment, the AOX protein level, mRNA level, and cyanide-resistant respiration are tightly correlated with Cd stress resistance, varying among the different wheat cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Alternative Oxidase and Photosystem II in Three Wheat Cultivars

Duan

Yuan

et al. 2010

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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The effects of Cd stress (200 μmol/L, 8 days) on respiration and photosynthesis of three wheat cultivars were investigated: Chuanyu 12 (CY12), Chuanmai 42 (CM42), and Chuanmai 47 (CM47). Fifteen-day-old seedlings were exposed to 200 μmol/L CdCl 2 for 4 days and 8 days, respectively. The results indicated that Cd was accumulated largely in roots, but little in leaves of all three cultivars. CY12 accumulated the highest level of Cd in roots and showed the weakest resistance. On the contrary, the other two cultivars, CM42 and CM47, adapted better to Cd stress, and their thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) contents were lower than in CY12, but the chlorophyll contents and water contents were higher than in CY12. Additionally, Cd stress prompted the alternative oxidase (AOX) activity and upregulated the cyanide-resistant respiration in CM42 and CM47 after 8 days; no such induction was observed for CY12. The CO 2 assimilation rate, leaf stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fl uorescence were inhibited by Cd stress in all cultivars, but more severe in the CY12 cultivar. Western blots indicated that the content of the photosystem II proteins LHCII and D1 decreased in CY12, but did not change in CM42 and CM47. While the content of the mitochondrial AOX protein increased markedly in CM42 and CM47, it did not in CY12. These results suggested that AOX and LHCII could be regarded as indicators of plant's resistance to heavy metals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Alternative Oxidase and Photosystem II in Three Wheat Cultivars

Duan

Yuan

et al. 2010

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…Siedow and his colleagues suggested that CN-resistant respiration affected the metabolism through more pervasive effects, including some that were extramitochondrial Umbach et al 2005). They further proposed an idea that the CN-resistant respiration, as a marker for genetic variation in cell reprogramming, yielded stability and stress resistance (Arnholdt-Schmitt et al 2006). In our study, HA63 had the highest rates of CN-resistant respiration after the Cd stress, while S8258 had the lowest rates, which is consistent with their level of Cd tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of four rice cultivars with different levels of cadmium tolerance

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2012

Biologia

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Cadmium (Cd) has been identified as a significant pollutant due to its high solubility in water and soil and high toxicity to plants and animals. Rice, as one of the most important food crops, is grown in soils with variable levels of Cd and therefore, is important to discriminate the Cd tolerance of different rice cultivars to determine their suitability for cultivation in Cd-contaminated soils. This study investigates the primary mechanisms employed by four rice cultivars in attaining Cd tolerance. HA63 cultivar reduces Cd uptake by increasing Fe absorption through activation of phytosiderophores. T3028 cultivar accumulates the highest level of Cd in leaves while also activating its reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, including antioxidant enzymes and phytochelatins. In some rice cultivars (such as HA63), a cyanide-resistant respiration mechanism, important in Cd detoxification, was also promoted under the Cd stress. In conclusion, different rice cultivars may adopt different biochemical strategies and respond with different efficiency to Cd stress.

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“…In this case, not only would AOX act as a terminal oxidase, but it would also initiate cellular reprogramming appropriate to the environmental situation . It is for this reason that AOX has been suggested as a possible genetic marker that could be used to recognise that efficient cellular reprogramming is taking place during exposure to a given stress (Arnholdt-Schmitt et al 2006).…”

Section: Role In Cellular Reprogrammingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative oxidase: an inter-kingdom perspective on the function and regulation of this broadly distributed 'cyanide-resistant' terminal oxidase

McDonald¹

2008

Functional Plant Biol.

114

106

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Abstract. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a terminal quinol oxidase located in the respiratory electron transport chain that catalyses the oxidation of quinol and the reduction of oxygen to water. However, unlike the cytochrome c oxidase respiratory pathway, the AOX pathway moves fewer protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate a proton motive force that can be used to synthesise ATP. The energy passed to AOX is dissipated as heat. This appears to be very wasteful from an energetic perspective and it is likely that AOX fulfils some physiological function(s) that makes up for its apparent energetic shortcomings. An examination of the known taxonomic distribution of AOX and the specific organisms in which AOX has been studied has been used to explore themes pertaining to AOX function and regulation. A comparative approach was used to examine AOX function as it relates to the biochemical function of the enzyme as a quinol oxidase and associated topics, such as enzyme structure, catalysis and transcriptional expression and post-translational regulation. Hypotheses that have been put forward about the physiological function(s) of AOX were explored in light of some recent discoveries made with regard to species that contain AOX. Fruitful areas of research for the AOX community in the future have been highlighted.

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AOX – a functional marker for efficient cell reprogramming under stress?

Cited by 183 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Alternative Oxidase and Photosystem II in Three Wheat Cultivars

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Alternative Oxidase and Photosystem II in Three Wheat Cultivars

Comparative study of four rice cultivars with different levels of cadmium tolerance

Alternative oxidase: an inter-kingdom perspective on the function and regulation of this broadly distributed 'cyanide-resistant' terminal oxidase

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