AP Stylebook normalizes sports as a male space

Bien-Aimé, Steve

doi:10.1177/0739532916634640

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In both, coders analyzed 25% of the sample to establish intercoder reliability. This was greater than the commonly accepted tradition of 10% (see, for example, Hardin & Ash, 2011 or Bien-Aimé, 2016) because the researchers wanted to ensure the appropriateness of the new measure. Additional measures were coded but not reported here, as they did not represent changes to standard measures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Error message: Creation of a revised codebook for analysis of newspaper corrections

Appelman

Hettinga

2019

Newspaper Research Journal

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The codebook for analyzing newspaper corrections has remained nearly unchanged since 1936. This project sought to create and validate a new codebook. Study 1 analyzed a previous application of the original codebook and proposed a new version, which Study 2 and Study 3 then applied and tested. In both, the new codebook resulted in fewer underused categories and fewer uncategorized corrections. This study, therefore, recommends its new codebook for future analytical studies of newspaper corrections.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Error message: Creation of a revised codebook for analysis of newspaper corrections

Appelman

Hettinga

2019

Newspaper Research Journal

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“…The concept of asymmetrical gender marking highlights the hidden power of masculinity in various societies. Asymmetrical gender marking essentially says that a gender adjective will be used to indicate an “otherness” for a marginalized group and then go unused for the main or dominant group (e.g., Bien-Aimé, 2016; Benokraitis & Feagin, 1995; Cooky et al, 2021; Messner et al, 1993). For example, within European soccer there is the Champions League and the Women’s Champions League.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Hidden” No More: Newspapers’ Framing of NASA Mathematician Katherine Johnson

Bien-Aimé

2024

Journal of Black Studies

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When analyzing the composition of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, one can see the paucity of women and especially Black women in these areas. Generally when depicting people who excelled despite encountering substantial obstacles, news reports tend to celebrate the person’s success while often ignoring the structural reasons for the existing discrimination. Thus, this study analyzed media coverage of the 2020 death of legendary NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson to explore whether journalists emphasize race and sex as novelties compared to a person’s overall accomplishments, and whether journalists explored the structures underpinning the racism and sexism Johnson faced. In both standard news articles and opinion pieces, the theme of trailblazer or pioneer consistently appeared. Journalists took care to both highlight Johnson’s novelty as a woman in STEM, but also her significant contributions to the space program as a whole, which transcended her racial and gender identities. Additionally, fewer than half of the news items that contained direct quotations actually quoted women who were NOT Katherine Johnson. Many of the news items that quoted women contained comments from author Margot Lee Shetterly, whose book served as the basis for the movie Hidden Figures. News items also routinely treated the racial and gender discrimination Johnson faced as part of the past and not as a current issue. Racism and sexism existed, but there was not much explanation as to why it existed in its particular format, who benefited from the discriminatory apparatuses and who implemented and maintained those systems.

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“…These guidelines are focused more on the style of identification and do not give guidelines about naming and under what circumstances names should not be included. AP Style is not solely a guide for formatting text or a reference for grammar and punctuation, it has a way of shaping discourse by approving and disapproving ways of speaking about people and places (Bien-Aimé, 2016; Vultee, 2012). Additional entries on naming in the most recent AP Stylebook only refer to noms-de-guerre , anonymous sources, or name changes (The Associated Press, 2022), and do not mention photographs.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Is Worthy of a Name? Identity, Naming, and Social Difference in News Images’ Captions

Scott,

Peña

2023

Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly

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This study examined news images and captions published by The Associated Press ( N = 7,455) between 2018 and 2022 to ascertain whether names were more frequently included for certain groups of people. The analysis found that people depicted in the Global North are named far more frequently than in the Global South, and that sports, entertainment, and political images include names more often than news and feature images. These pervasive patterns suggest naming has a discursive function that constructs an Other by excluding familial and cultural connotations inherent in names, forming a hierarchy through opposition, and extending social prominence for certain groups.

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AP Stylebook normalizes sports as a male space

Abstract: This study examines gender representation in the sports section of the 2012 Associated Press Stylebook. A content analysis of entries finds that female-gendered references appear rarely, while men and male-gendered references appear in abundance.

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Error message: Creation of a revised codebook for analysis of newspaper corrections

Error message: Creation of a revised codebook for analysis of newspaper corrections

“Hidden” No More: Newspapers’ Framing of NASA Mathematician Katherine Johnson

Who Is Worthy of a Name? Identity, Naming, and Social Difference in News Images’ Captions

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