As accurate assessment is critical to diagnosis and treatment, understanding the association between race or ethnicity and the assessment of psychopathology has important practical significance. However, detecting and mitigating racial bias in assessment is a profoundly complex challenge. This article examines several conceptual issues germane to assessing minority groups in the United States, and reviews efforts to address ethnic and racial bias in frequently used adult-assessment instruments. It discusses ethnic identity and acculturation, assessment of psychopathology by means of the clinical interview and psychological testing, self-epressive assessment of psychopathology using projective tests, the Rorschach inkblot test, picture-story tests, and sentence completion and figure-drawing tests.