Apatite Eu/Y-Ce discrimination diagram: A big data based approach for provenance classification

Zhou, Tong; Qiu, Kaibin; Wang, Yu; Yu, Hao‐Cheng; Hou, Zhaoliang

doi:10.18654/1000-0569/2022.01.19

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Therefore, we present Muniushan apatite with a magmatic origin that is affected by the metamorphism later. [83,84] (b). Abbreviations: ALK-alkali-rich igneous rocks; HM-partial melts/leucosomes/high-grade metamorphic rocks; IM-mafic I-type granitoids and mafic igneous rocks; LM-low-and mediumgrade metamorphic and metasomatic rocks; S-S-type granitoids and high aluminum saturation index (ASI) 'felsic' I-types; UM-ultramafic rocks including carbonatites, lherzolites, and pyroxenites.…”

Section: Origins Of Apatitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of Paleozoic Metamorphism in the Jiaobei Terrane, East China: Evidence from Apatite U-Pb Age and Trace Element Composition

Sun

An²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Minerals

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The northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust in the Paleozoic to Mesozoic is critical for the tectonic evolution of the Qinling-Tongbai-Hong’an-Dabie-Sulu-Imjingang-Gyeonggi orogenic belt. However, the Paleozoic geological fingerprint of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust subduction in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt remains obscure. In the present study, apatite from the Muniushan monzogranite in the Houkuang area was analyzed to constrain the age of metamorphism in the Jiaobei Terrane and is regarded as the response to the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust subduction in the Early Permian. Muniushan apatite with obvious negative Eu anomaly is enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of apatite correspond with I-type granitoids and mafic igneous rocks, implying a magmatic origin. Igneous apatite grains have reset compositional zonation in the cathodoluminescence image. Apatites plotted on a support vector machine apatite classification biplot and Eu/Y-Ce discrimination diagram shows a tendency from the region of “mafic igneous rocks and I-type granitoids” to “low and middle metamorphic”. This evidence consistently suggests that the Muniushan apatite suffered metamorphism at a later stage. The twenty-six apatite grains from the Muniushan monzogranite yield a metamorphic age of 297 ± 8 Ma (by LA-ICP-MS U-Pb), which is different from the Muniushan zircon SHRIMP U-Pb results of 2110 ± 4 Ma, indicating the metamorphism occurred in the Early Permian and reset the U-Pb system of apatite. The Early Permian metamorphism that occurred in the Jiaobei Terrane is synchronous to the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust and is the response to the Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust subduction.

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Section: Origins Of Apatitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagrams showing apatite trace element composition. Apatites plotted on a support vector machine apatite classification biplot (a) and a Eu/Y vs. Ce discrimination diagram of apatite[83,84]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Paleozoic Metamorphism in the Jiaobei Terrane, East China: Evidence from Apatite U-Pb Age and Trace Element Composition

Sun

An²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Minerals

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“…Apatite trace element compositions could be used to improve the understanding of ore formation as thus reveal hydrothermal conditions such as pH, oxidation state, temperature, and origin of ore‐forming fluids (Andersson et al., 2019; M. J. Cao et al., 2019, 2021; Huang et al., 2023; Qu et al., 2022; Vafeas et al., 2023; Yu et al., 2023). Previous studies have also employed apatite trace elements to classify protolith rock (Belousova et al., 2002; T. Zhou et al., 2022), alteration (Bouzari et al., 2016), and especially deposit types (Mao et al., 2016; Qiu et al., 2024). In orogenic gold deposits, although the thermodynamic modeling results show that the formation of apatite is difficult (H. J. Li et al., 2022, 2023), recent studies have identified that occurrences of apatite are closely associated with gold mineralization in both quartz vein and alteration type orogenic gold deposits (Ma et al., 2023; F. H. Zhang et al., 2020; J. H. Zheng et al., 2022), and the trace elements of apatite have also exhibited exploration indicative properties (Mao et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Controlling Factors of Apatite Trace Element Composition and Implications for Exploration in Orogenic Gold Deposits

Cao,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Significant and readily accessible orogenic gold deposits have been previously recognized, exploited, and progressively depleted. Innovative approaches are required to discover new and deeply buried deposits. Recently, trace element variations in apatite have been used to distinguish fertile and barren environments as reliable mineral exploration tools. In this study, machine learning models using Random Forest and Deep Neutral Network are utilized to assess the fertility of quartz veins and altered zones in the orogenic gold systems. The two models have been trained using trace element data of apatite, and the performance of both models yield good classification accuracy (∼90% on average) with low false positive rates. Feature importance analysis (Gini decrease and hidden layer weights) suggest that Pb, As, U, Sr, Eu, Mn, and Fe are the important parameters. Arsenic, U, Eu, Mn, and Fe are redox‐sensitive elements, with their concentrations responding to changes in fluid redox conditions. Strontium primarily originates from the breakdown of plagioclase, which is more likely to occur under oxidizing fluid conditions. Therefore, we infer that the main controlling factor of the models is the redox conditions. The two distinct models consistently highlight the most significant contribution of Pb to this differentiation, even though Pb is not a redox‐sensitive element and can only substitute for Ca2+ in apatite as Pb2+. We infer that the high contribution of Pb may be attributed to the potential transportation of Au in the form of a Pb‐(Bi)‐Au melt, and the Pb content in apatite is influenced by the Pb content in the melt, fluid oxygen, and sulfur fugacity. We also propose a novel discriminant plot using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to assess the mineralization potential in quartz veins and alteration zones based on apatite trace element data. The machine learning and LDA results suggest that apatite trace elements could be used effectively in the future orogenic gold deposit exploration.

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Geochemistry and origin of hydrothermal apatite in Carlin-type Au deposits, southwestern China (Gaolong deposit)

Lin

Cao

et al. 2023

Ore Geology Reviews

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Apatite Eu/Y-Ce discrimination diagram: A big data based approach for provenance classification

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Timing of Paleozoic Metamorphism in the Jiaobei Terrane, East China: Evidence from Apatite U-Pb Age and Trace Element Composition

Timing of Paleozoic Metamorphism in the Jiaobei Terrane, East China: Evidence from Apatite U-Pb Age and Trace Element Composition

Primary Controlling Factors of Apatite Trace Element Composition and Implications for Exploration in Orogenic Gold Deposits

Geochemistry and origin of hydrothermal apatite in Carlin-type Au deposits, southwestern China (Gaolong deposit)

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