Apelin-13 attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating inflammation and targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of apelin-13, APJ for sepsis in the emergency department: A prospective study

“…Apelin, a peptide hormone, has recently been recognized as the endogenous ligand of APJ (apelin receptor) [ 6 ]. Synthesized from a 77-amino acid precursor called preproapelin, apelin undergoes processing to yield several fragments, including apelin-12, apelin-13, apelin-17, and apelin-36, each exerting distinct activities in different tissues [ 8 , 25 , 26 ]. Apelin holds significance as an adipokine, with plasma apelin primarily sourced from the vascular endothelial cell lining found in several anatomical locations within the human body, such as the heart, kidney, large conduit vessels, adipocytes, and others [ 27 ].…”