Aperture shape effect on the performance of very small aperture lasers

Chen, Fang; Stancil, Daniel D.; Schlesinger, T. E.

doi:10.1063/1.1568150

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We also ensured that for each set of measurements, all-apertures were fabricated together in order to reduce the uncertainty due to fabrication process variation from run to run. The far field measurement results for the rectangular apertures are consistent with our previous measurements in [4]. That is, when the alignment of a rectangular aperture is such that the short side is parallel to the primary incident polarization (along the active layer direction), the throughput is higher.…”

Section: Far-field Measurementssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We have previously shown the validity of treating nano-apertures as cutoff waveguides [4]. This approach provides a first-order approximation and explanation for the exponential decay of the optical field inside the aperture and also suggests that the orientation of the rectangular aperture plays an important role in the power throughput.…”

Section: Far-field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previously, we used a far-field measurement technique to characterize the VSAL power throughput for rectangular nanoapertures [4]. It is interesting to point out that rectangles or squares have been a default aperture geometry on VSALs because circular apertures are not as simple to fabricate when using FIB.…”

Section: Far-field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of near-field aperture geometry effects on very small aperture lasers (VSAL)

et al. 2003

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We have investigated nano-apertures with different geometries on VSALs using far-field measurements, near-field measurements, and finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation methods. We were able to quantitatively verify the aperture geometry dependent power throughput in all three methods. From both far-field measurements and FDTD simulation results, we conclude that for the apertures of the same area, a rectangular aperture with the long side perpendicular to the active layer has the largest throughput, while a circular aperture has the second largest, and the rectangular aperture with the long side parallel to the active layer has the least throughput among the three. We have attempted to correlate the relationship between far-field power and near-field power. Employing an apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), we found that for the two rectangular apertures being studied, the near-field power throughput result was consistent to that of far-field measurement. Using .VSALs as a near-field aperture testbed was also proposed and demonstrated.

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Section: Far-field Measurementssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Far-field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A study of near-field aperture geometry effects on very small aperture lasers (VSAL)

et al. 2003

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“…6, where the y-polarized incident beam shows a higher power transmittance than the x-polarized incident beam, as previously reported. 18 Table I presents the comparison of power throughputs and the spot sizes for a C-shaped ridge aperture and a figure-eight aperture for a y-polarized incident beam. The power throughput is defined as the total power transmitted through the aperture to the incident power over the aperture area.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Comparison With Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave propagation characteristics of a figure-eight shaped nanoaperture

Eom

Yang

Lee

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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Wave propagation characteristics of apertures were analyzed to explain the light transmission of metallic nanoapertures. Based on Maxwell’s equations, the wave dispersion relations of wave propagation modes in nanoapertures were derived. The resonance frequency shift of the aperture and the variation of the spot size are explained with the dispersion relations. The relationship between near-field and far-field light transmission power throughput and spot size is also shown with the wave mode change predicted by the dispersion relations.

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“…A laser diode (LD) coupled with a NF transducer, is one type of device that may offer advantages for optical recording, magneto-optical recording and heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). Such devices have been reported [2,3] for LD's operating in the IR-or red wavelengths. Recently, we have studied GaN based blue-VSALs using blue LD's [4] developed for advanced optical storage systems such as Blu-ray Disc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization of very small aperture GaN lasers

Ohno¹,

Itagi

Chen

et al. 2004

SPIE Proceedings

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We have fabricated GaN blue VSALs (wavelength, λ = 405 nm), and investigated their emission in terms of slope efficiency through far-field measurements. The slope efficiency of power emission from a 100 nm x 200 nm rectangular aperture as collected in the far field by an objective lens (NA = 0.65) was 1.8 ± 0.6 mW/A for the blue VSAL's as compared with 3.6 mW/A for red VSAL's (658 nm). Both of these numbers have background transmission through the Al coating subtracted. Prior to apertures formation, slope efficiencies of 1.4 mW/A (blue) and 0.3 mW/A (red) were measured as light was transmitted through the Al coating. Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (FDFD) simulation was used to estimate the collection efficiency of the optical measurement setup and showed the lens to collect 45% of the light emitted by the blue VSAL and 38% of the light emitted by the red. The FDFD simulations were also used to compute the efficiency of power transmission through the aperture and into the objective lens (94 ppm for blue and 65 ppm for red). Using the expected transmission coefficient for the 50 nm Al layers (220 ppm for blue and 95 ppm for red), the predicted SE values of the apertured structures are 0.6 mW/A for blue and 0.21 mW/A for red. Measured values are significantly higher, suggesting that non-idealities in aperture shape result in higher transmission efficiency, and/or that the Al coating thickness and its associated transmission efficiency have been overestimated. A thickness error of 10 nm out of 50 is enough to explain the discrepancy. Extending the analysis to 30 nm x 60 nm rectangular aperture (in cut-off for both wavelengths), the calculated output power slope efficiency for the VSAL is 7.3 µW/A for the blue and 0.06 µW/A for the red, a factor of over 100 x greater output power slope efficiency for the blue light through these smaller structures.

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Aperture shape effect on the performance of very small aperture lasers

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

A study of near-field aperture geometry effects on very small aperture lasers (VSAL)

A study of near-field aperture geometry effects on very small aperture lasers (VSAL)

Wave propagation characteristics of a figure-eight shaped nanoaperture

Characterization of very small aperture GaN lasers

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