APETALA2 functions as a temporal factor together with BLADE-ON-PETIOLE2 and MADS29 to control flower and grain development in barley

Shoesmith, Jennifer; Solomon, Charles U.; Yang, Xiujuan; Wilkinson, Laura G.; Sheldrick, Scott; Eijden, Ewan van; Couwenberg, Sanne; Pugh, Laura M.; Eskan, Mhmoud; Stephens, Jennifer; Barakate, Abdellah; Drea, Sinéad; Houston, Kelly; Tucker, Matthew R.; McKim, Sarah M.

doi:10.1242/dev.194894

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…In situ hybridization was performed using an InsituPro robot (Intavis, T€ ubingen, Germany) following the protocol described in Shoesmith et al (2021).…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

HvLEAFY controls the early stages of floral organ specification and inhibits the formation of multiple ovaries in barley

et al. 2021

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Transition to the reproductive phase, inflorescence formation and flower development are crucial elements that ensure maximum reproductive success in a plant's life cycle. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying correct flower development in barley (Hordeum vulgare), we characterized the multiovary 5 (mov5.o) mutant. This mutant develops abnormal flowers that exhibit mosaic floral organs typified by multiple carpels at the total or partial expense of stamens. Genetic mapping positioned mov5 on the long arm of chromosome 2H, incorporating a region that encodes HvLFY, the barley orthologue of LEAFY from Arabidopsis. Sequencing revealed that, in mov5.o plants, HvLFY contains a single amino acid substitution in a highly conserved proline residue. CRISPR-mediated knockout of HvLFY replicated the mov5.o phenotype, suggesting that HvLFY mov5 represents a loss of function allele. In heterologous assays, the HvLFY mov5 polymorphism influenced protein-protein interactions and affinity for a putative binding site in the promoter of HvMADS58, a C-class MADS-box gene. Moreover, molecular analysis indicated that HvLFY interacts with HvUFO and regulates the expression of floral homeotic genes including HvMADS2, HvMADS4 and HvMADS16. Other distinct changes in expression differ from those reported in the rice LFY mutants apo2/ rfl, suggesting that LFY function in the grasses is modulated in a species-specific manner. This pathway provides a key entry point for the study of LFY function and multiple ovary formation in barley, as well as cereal species in general.

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“…In situ hybridization was performed using an InsituPro robot (Intavis, T€ ubingen, Germany) following the protocol described in Shoesmith et al (2021).…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

HvLEAFY controls the early stages of floral organ specification and inhibits the formation of multiple ovaries in barley

et al. 2021

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“…Alternatively, genes that influence the size of floral organs can have pleiotropic effects that can also influence grain size directly. In barley, HvAP2 influences the size of both grains and maternal floral organs independently (Shoesmith et al 2021). HvAP2 represses cell expansion in maternal floral organs, but also limits both cell length and cell number in the grain pericarp tissue to reduce grain size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The T. ispahanicum elongated glume locus P2 maps to chromosome 6A and is associated with the ectopic expression of SVP-A1

Chen

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In rice and wheat, glume and floral organs length are positively correlated with grain size, making them an important target to increase grain size and potentially yield. The wheat subspecies Triticum ispahanicum is known to develop long glumes, floral organs, and long grains. These multiple phenotypic effects are controlled by the P2 locus, which was previously mapped to wheat chromosome 7B. Using three mapping populations, we show that the long glume locus P2 does not map to chromosome 7B, but instead maps to a 1.68 Mbp interval on chromosome 6A. Within this interval, we identified SVP-A1, a MADS box transcription factor which is the direct ortholog of the maize gene underlying the pod corn Tunicate locus and is a paralog to the T. polonicum elongated glume P1 gene. In T. ispahanicum, we identified a private allele which has a 482-bp deletion in the SVP-A1 promoter and is associated with ectopic and higher expression of SVP-A1 in the elongated glumes and floral organs. We used near-isogenic lines (NILs) to show that P2 has a consistent positive effect on the length of glume, lemma, palea, spike and grain. Based on the mapping data, natural variation, biological function of SVP genes in cereals and expression analyses, we propose the MADS-box transcription factor SVP-A1 as a promising candidate for P2.

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“…Primers for HvCER-C, HvCER-Q and HvCER-U were taken from (Hen-Avivi et al , 2016), primers for HvCER1, HvKCS6 and HvWSD1 were taken from (Duan et al , 2015), primers for HvKCS1 were taken from (Li et al , 2018), and primers for HvLACS2 were taken from (Kumar et al , 2016). qRT-PCR was as in (Shoesmith et al , 2021) with ACTIN7 ( HvACT7 ) as an endogenous control. Primer sets are listed in Table S2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A WAX INDUCER1/SHINE transcription factor controls cuticular wax in barley

McAllister

Campoli

Eskan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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All land plants seal their above ground body parts with a lipid-rich hydrophobic barrier called the cuticle that protects tissues from dehydration and other terrestrial threats. Mutational studies in several model species, including barley, have resolved multiple loci regulating cuticular metabolism and development. Of particular importance are the eceriferum (cer) mutants characterized by visual alterations in cuticular wax. In barley, some cer mutants, such as cer-x lines, show defects in the distinctive β-diketone-enriched wax bloom on reproductive stage leaf sheaths, stems and spikes. In our study we exploited extensive allelic populations, near-isogenic lines and powerful genotyping platforms to identify variation in the HvWAX INDUCER1 (HvWIN1) gene as causal for cer-x mutants. We show that HvWIN1 function reduces cuticular permeability, promotes the accumulation of β-diketones, and regulates cuticular metabolic gene expression. Analyses across the barley pangenome and hundreds of exome-capture datasets revealed high sequence conservation of HvWIN1 but also two non-synonymous variants exclusive to cultivated germplasm. Taken together, we suggest that variation in HvWIN1 controls multiple cuticular features in barley by controlling the expression of genes involved in cuticle development.

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APETALA2 functions as a temporal factor together with BLADE-ON-PETIOLE2 and MADS29 to control flower and grain development in barley

Cited by 26 publications

References 118 publications

HvLEAFY controls the early stages of floral organ specification and inhibits the formation of multiple ovaries in barley

HvLEAFY controls the early stages of floral organ specification and inhibits the formation of multiple ovaries in barley

The T. ispahanicum elongated glume locus P2 maps to chromosome 6A and is associated with the ectopic expression of SVP-A1

A WAX INDUCER1/SHINE transcription factor controls cuticular wax in barley

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