Apex to Base Left Ventricular Twist Mechanics Computed from High Frame Rate Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: A Comparison Study

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) methods for computing left ventricular (LV) rotation. Methods A two-axis linear/rotary system was designed using rotary motors controlled through a digital interface, and 10 freshly harvested pig hearts were studied. Each heart was mounted on the rotary actuator with the base being rotated at different known degrees of rotation (10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) and was passively driven by a pump with calibrated stoke volume (50 mL) at a constant rate (60 beats/min) simultaneously. Cardiac motion was scanned to acquire 2D short-axis views using a GE Vivid 7 system for assessing rotation, and 3D apical full-volume loops were acquired using a Toshiba Applio Artida ultrasound system. Full-volume 3D image loops were analyzed online with Toshiba Wall Motion Tracking software, and short-axis 2D images were analyzed offline for LV rotation in GE EchoPAC PC at corresponding LV levels. Results At each state, both 2D and 3D echocardiography detected the changes in LV rotation but overestimated the rotation degrees. The biases for overestimation from 3D imaging were smaller compared with 2D imaging at each LV level. Both methods, when compared with each other, showed a linear correlation (r = 0.84, P < .0001). Bland-Altman comparison showed 99% of data points within range, with a constant bias between both methods (adjusted values of 3D = 1.892 + 0.964 × 3D). Conclusions Although 3D echocardiography showed smaller bias, the results between 2D and 3D echocardiography were comparable.

Early Effect of Essential Hypertension on the Left Ventricular Twist‐Displacement Loop by Two‐Dimensional Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging

“…16 STI technology can automatically identify myocardial acoustic spots in the 2D dynamic gray-scale image with high-frame rates and simultaneously provide information on ventricular rotation, twist and radial displacement throughout the cardiac cycle thus providing the opportunity to noninvasively construct twist-displacement loops. 16 STI technology can automatically identify myocardial acoustic spots in the 2D dynamic gray-scale image with high-frame rates and simultaneously provide information on ventricular rotation, twist and radial displacement throughout the cardiac cycle thus providing the opportunity to noninvasively construct twist-displacement loops.…”

A bal kamra korszerű echokardiográfiás vizsgálata – az M-módtól a 3D speckle-tracking képalkotásig

“…A 3DSTE-t a közelmúltban validálták a BK-i rotáció mérésére állatmo-dellben [45], és szonomikrometriát használva [46]. Andrade és mtsai szerint a 3DSTE-vel mért BK-i csavarodás értéke kisebb a 2DSTE-vel mérthez képest [47], de a két módszer között szoros korreláció áll fenn a rotációs paraméterek meghatározásában [48].…”

Three-Dimensional Left Ventricular Torsion in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy ― A Marker of Disease Severity ―

“…3D-STE allows efficient single-time acquisition of all LV segments in the same 3D data set. 13- 16 Until now, no systematic studies have been able to elucidate the relationship between peak V O2 and LV torsion in patients with DCM. The clinical relevance of LV torsion in treatment guidance for DCM is still unclear.…”