Aphasia as a Temporal Information Processing Disorder

Szela̧g, Elżbieta; Szymaszek, Aneta; Oron, Anna

doi:10.1163/9789004230699_013

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The study by Wittmann et al (2004) and Fink et al (2006) reported that patients with deficient comprehension (Wernicke’s aphasia) displayed parallel deficits in sequencing abilities, as compared to non-fluent Broca’s patients. More recent reports confirmed deficient timing in parallel to language disability in aphasic patients ( Oron et al, 2015 , for a recent overview see Szeląg et al, 2015 ). These observations were supported by neuroanatomical data indicating an overlapping of structures controlling millisecond timing and language reception (e.g., Wittmann et al, 2004 ; Lewandowska et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The Application of Timing in Therapy of Children and Adults with Language Disorders

et al. 2015

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A number of evidence revealed a link between temporal information processing (TIP) and language. Both literature data and results of our studies indicated an overlapping of deficient TIP and disordered language, pointing to the existence of an association between these two functions. On this background the new approach is to apply such knowledge in therapy of patients suffering from language disorders. In two studies we asked the following questions: (1) can the temporal training reduce language deficits in aphasic patients (Study 1) or in children with specific language impairment (SLI, Study 2)? (2) can such training ameliorate also the other cognitive functions? Each of these studies employed pre-training assessment, training application, post-training and follow-up assessment. In Study 1 we tested 28 patients suffering from post-stroke aphasia. They were assigned either to the temporal training (Group A, n = 15) in milliseconds range, or to the non-temporal training (Group B, n = 13). Following the training we found only in Group A improved TIP, accompanied by a transfer of improvement to language and working memory functions. In Study 2 we tested 32 children aged from 5 to 8 years, affected by SLI who were classified into the temporal training (Group A, n = 17) or non-temporal training (Group B, n = 15). Group A underwent the multileveled audio-visual computer training Dr. Neuronowski®, recently developed in our laboratory. Group B performed the computer speech therapy exercises extended by playing computer games. Similarly as in Study 1, in Group A we found significant improvements of TIP, auditory comprehension and working memory. These results indicated benefits of temporal training for amelioration of language and other cognitive functions in both aphasic patients and children with SLI. The novel powerful therapy tools provide evidence for future promising clinical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The Application of Timing in Therapy of Children and Adults with Language Disorders

et al. 2015

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“…They support the thesis that accurate WM manipulation processes require accurate TIP resources. Thus, the application of specific training in TIP may result in a transfer of improvement from time domain to WM domain via improvement of WM manipulation, but not maintenance, resources (Szelag et al, 2015a , b ; Szymaszek et al, 2018 ). It would provide a new light on neurorehabilitation of subjects suffering from declined WM functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of 70 completed trials (20 trials in part 1 and 50 trials in part 2) an auditory temporal-order threshold (ATOT) was calculated (in milliseconds) for each subject (see Szelag et al, 2018 ). The ATOT reflected the index of TIP efficiency and was defined as the shortest time gap between two paired tones presented in rapid succession at which a subject could identify their temporal order (i.e., their before–after relation) with at least 75% correctness (Szelag et al, 2011 , 2014 , 2015a , b ; Bao et al, 2013 , 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance vs. Manipulation in Auditory Verbal Working Memory in the Elderly: New Insights Based on Temporal Dynamics of Information Processing in the Millisecond Time Range

Jablonska

Piotrowska

Bednarek

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Working Memory, Timing and Aging during manipulation. A novel result of our study, never reported before, is an indication of significant moderate correlations between the efficiency of WM and TIP. These correlations were found only for manipulation but not for maintenance. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that manipulation in the elderly is a dynamic process requiring skilled millisecond timing with high temporal resolution. We conclude that millisecond timing contributes to WM manipulation in the elderly, but not to maintenance.

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“…Auditory Temporal-Order Threshold (ATOT) can be used as an index of temporal acuity (i.e., the efficiency of identifying event ordering) and can be measured using a TOJ paradigm. ATOT is defined as the shortest time gap (in milliseconds) between two sounds presented in rapid succession with an Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI) of some tens of milliseconds necessary to identify their before-after temporal relation with at least 75% correctness (Szelag et al, 2011, 2014, 2015b; Bao et al, 2013, 2014). An auditory TOJ paradigm may employ various measurement procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In more recent papers using different variants of experimental TOJ tasks and various subject subpopulations, evidence has suggested that TOJ on the millisecond level may be influenced by various procedures and subject-related factors, the most important of which seem to be the type of stimuli used, presentation mode, age, cognitive status, gender, as well as neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders (for the overview see von Steinbüchel et al, 1999; Wittmann and Szelag, 2003; Szelag et al, 2004b, 2010, 2011, 2015a,b; Szymaszek et al, 2009, 2018; Teixeira et al, 2013; Matthews and Meck, 2014; Oron et al, 2015). Existing studies have also confirmed individual differences in TIP at this processing level in healthy volunteers of various ages (Szymaszek et al, 2009; Szelag et al, 2011; Bao et al, 2013, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Spectral Auditory Temporal-Order Judgment (TOJ) Tasks in Elderly People Are Performed Using Different Perceptual Strategies

et al. 2018

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The Temporal-Order Judgment (TOJ) paradigm has been widely investigated in previous studies as an accurate measure of temporal resolution and sequencing abilities in the millisecond time range. Two auditory TOJ tasks are often used: (1) a spatial TOJ task, in which two identical stimuli are presented in rapid succession monaurally and the task is to indicate which ear received the first stimulus and which ear received the second one (left-right or right-left), and (2) a spectral TOJ task, in which two tones of different frequencies are presented asynchronously to both ears binaurally and the task is to report the sequence of these tones (low-high or high-low). The previous literature studies conducted on young volunteers indicated that the measured temporal acuity on these two tasks depended on the procedure used. As considerable data are now available about age-related decline in temporal resolution ability, the aim of the present study was to compare in elderly subjects the pattern of performance on these two tasks. A total of 40 normal healthy volunteers aged from 62 to 78 years performed two TOJ tasks. The measurement was repeated in two consecutive sessions. Temporal resolution was indexed by the Auditory Temporal-Order Threshold (ATOT), i.e., the minimum time gap between successive stimuli necessary for a participant to report a before-after relation with 75% correctness. The main finding of the present study was the indication of differences in the elderly in performance on two tasks. In the spatial task, the distribution of obtained ATOT values did not deviate from the Gaussian distribution. In contrast, the distribution of data in the spectral task deviated significantly from the Gaussian and was spread more to the right. Although lower ATOT values were usually observed in Session 2 than in Session 1, such difference was significant only in the spectral task. We conclude that although temporal acuity and sequencing abilities in the millisecond time range are probably based in neuronal oscillatory activity, the measured ATOTs in the elderly seem to be stimulus-dependent, procedure-related, and influenced by the perceptual strategies used by participants.

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Aphasia as a Temporal Information Processing Disorder

Abstract: This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 3.0) License.

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

The Application of Timing in Therapy of Children and Adults with Language Disorders

The Application of Timing in Therapy of Children and Adults with Language Disorders

Maintenance vs. Manipulation in Auditory Verbal Working Memory in the Elderly: New Insights Based on Temporal Dynamics of Information Processing in the Millisecond Time Range

Spatial and Spectral Auditory Temporal-Order Judgment (TOJ) Tasks in Elderly People Are Performed Using Different Perceptual Strategies

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