Aphasias in Children

Karlin, Isaac W.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1954.02050090740010

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the early 1900s the use of terms such as ‘congenital word deafness’ (McCall ), ‘delayed speech development’ (Froschels ), ‘congenital auditory imperceptions’ (Worster‐Drought et al . ) and ‘congenital verbal auditory agnosia’ (Karlin ) reflected a growing awareness that language difficulties were not confined to production. A prevailing view emerged that language difficulties were neurological in origin, and terms such as ‘developmental aphasia’ and ‘developmental dysphasia’ were adopted from adult pathologies.…”

Section: Part 1: How and Why Sli Gained Currencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific language impairment: a convenient label for whom?

Reilly

Tomblin

Law

et al. 2014

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

229

184

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Background: The term 'specific language impairment' (SLI), in use since the 1980s, describes children with language impairment whose cognitive skills are within normal limits where there is no identifiable reason for the language impairment. SLI is determined by applying exclusionary criteria, so that it is defined by what it is not rather than by what it is. The recent decision to not include SLI in DSM-5 provoked much debate and concern from researchers and clinicians. Aims: To explore how the term 'specific language impairment' emerged, to consider how disorders, including SLI, are generally defined and to explore how societal changes might impact on use the term. Methods & Procedures:We reviewed the literature to explore the origins of the term 'specific language impairment' and present published evidence, as well as new analyses of population data, to explore the validity of continuing to use the term. Outcomes & Results and Conclusions & Implications:We support the decision to exclude the term 'specific language impairment' from DSM-5 and conclude that the term has been a convenient label for researchers, but that the current classification is unacceptably arbitrary. Furthermore, we argue there is no empirical evidence to support the continued use of the term SLI and limited evidence that it has provided any real benefits for children and their families. In fact, the term may be disadvantageous to some due to the use of exclusionary criteria to determine eligibility for and access to speech pathology services. We propose the following recommendations. First, that the word 'specific' be removed and the label 'language impairment' be used. Second, that the exclusionary criteria be relaxed and in their place inclusionary criteria be adopted that take into account the fluid nature of language development particularly in the preschool period. Building on the goodwill and collaborations between the clinical and research communities we propose the establishment of an international consensus panel to develop an agreed definition and set of criteria for language impairment. Given the rich data now available in population studies it is possible to test the validity of these definitions and criteria. Consultation with service users and policy-makers should be incorporated into the decision-making process.

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Section: Part 1: How and Why Sli Gained Currencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific language impairment: a convenient label for whom?

Reilly

Tomblin

Law

et al. 2014

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

229

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering the incidence of EEG abnormalities (to be discussed in more detail later) and apparently oscillating levels of auditory sensitivity, several investigators lay emphasis on a cerebral insult or damage which may have occurred pre-or postnatally or during the birth process (Myklebust, 1952(Myklebust, , 1956Benton, 1964). The cases provided by Gordon and Taylor (1964), Karlin (1954), Worster-Drought (1929), and P. Cohen (1956) are illustrative of suspected early neurological damage, as are the examples given by Morley et al (1955). It has long been known that, in adults, damage to relatively small areas of the left cerebral hemisphere may result in speech disturbances (Geschwind,197 1).…”

Section: The Etiology Of Primary Childhood Aphasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postulating a sound-sequencing impairment as the underlying deficit, he suggested that the child may generalize perceptual defenses against particular speech signals to all speech signals and then to environmental sounds in general. Karlin (1954) pointed o u t that the aphasic child's abnormal personality may be the result of psychoneurotic reactions to an insensitive environment or may be a reflection of the physiological disturbance in the cortex responsible for the aphasia.…”

Section: Behavioral Disturbances I N Childhood Aphasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Childhood Aphasia and Childhood Autism: Clinical, Biological, and Conceptual Observations

Cohen

Caparulo

Shaywitz

1976

Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry

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“…All these language disorders are not well-defined entities, so it is highly questionable whether isolated expressive or receptive aphasia truly exists in childhood (Karlin 1954, Eisenson 1972. We think that the assessment of expressive and receptive language, and of play, will help to characterize better these language disorders and will further reveal how much overlap there is between aphasia, autism and mental retardation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Progression in Play Behavior of Children between Nine and Thirty Months: II: Spontaneous Play and Language Development

Largo¹,

Howard²

1979

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY The relationship between play behavior displayed in a structured play situation and language development was studied cross‐sectionally in 85 children at eight age‐levels between nine and 30 months. There were no correlations between types of play behavior, in particular functional play (appropriate use of objects on the child's own body), representational play (appropriate use of objects on a doll or another person), or symbolic play (substitution of present objects for absent ones) and speech measures such as total number of words and of vocalizations, number of different words and different vocalizations, and number of sentences. Identification of objects upon verbal request was not related to any type of play behavior, but comprehension of verbal requests for functional or representational play was positively correlated with the display of functional or representational play. The children did not respond to verbal requests for functional or representational play unless these types of play behavior were part of their spontaneous play repertoire. Understanding of prepositions seemed to be related to spatial concepts expressed in play behavior, such as container play or arranging chairs around a table and setting the table. RÉSUMÉ Evolution developmentale des comportements dejeu chez les enfants de neufd 30 mois. II: Jeu spontani et de“veloppement du langage La relation entre le comportement de jeu manifesté dans une situation structurée de jeu et le développement du langage a étéétudiée transversalement et longitudinalement par groupe d'âge chez 85 enfants à huit niveaux d'âge entre neuf et 30 mois. II n'est pas apparu de corrélation entre les types de comportement de jeu, en particulier les jeux fonctionnels (emploi approprié d'objets sur le propré corps de 1'enfant), jeux de représentation (emploi approprié d'objets sur une poupée ou une autre personne) ou jeux symboliques (remplacement d'objets absents par des objets presents) et les mesures de langage telles que le nombre total de mots et de vocalises, le nombre de mots et de vocalises différents, et le nombre de phrases. L'identification d'objets sur demande verbale nétait reliée à aucun type de comportément de jeu mais la compréhension des demandes verbales pour les jeux fonctionnels ou de représentation dtait relide positive‐ment avec l'expression de jeu fonctionnel ou de représentation. Les enfants ne répondaient aux demandes verbales de jeu fonctionnel ou de représentation que si ces types de comportement de jeu faisaient partie de leur répertoire de jeux spontanéa. La compréhension des prépositions semblait reliée aux concepts spatiaux exprimés dans les comportements de jeu, tel que les jeux‐gigogne ou les arrangements de chaises autour de la table avec mise du couvert. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Entwicklungsfortschritte beim Spielverhalten von Kindern im Alter zwischen neun und 30 Monaten. II: Spontane Spiel‐ und Sprachentwicklung Die Beziehung zwischen dem Spielverhalten in einer vorgegebenen Spielsituation und der Sprachentwicklung wurde in einer Quers...

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Aphasias in Children

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Specific language impairment: a convenient label for whom?

Specific language impairment: a convenient label for whom?

Primary Childhood Aphasia and Childhood Autism: Clinical, Biological, and Conceptual Observations

Developmental Progression in Play Behavior of Children between Nine and Thirty Months: II: Spontaneous Play and Language Development

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