Aphid clonal resistance to a parasitoid fails under heat stress

Bensadia, Fatiha; Boudreault, Simon; Guay, Jean-Frédéric; Michaud, Dominique; Cloutier, Conrad

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.09.011

Cited by 131 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Koehler and Kaltenpoth (2013) found thermal environment (from 15 to 25°C including diurnal variation) had no impact on the quantity of antibiotic produced. In contrast to this, pea aphids carrying Hamiltonella defensa were nearly completely resistant to attack by Aphidius ervi parasitic wasps at 20°C, but were susceptible at 25 and 30°C, postulated to represent thermal sensitivity of symbiont-mediated protection (Bensadia et al, 2006;Guay et al, 2009). Further work confirmed this result, but additionally showed protection was insensitive to temperature in clones where H. defensa co-occurred with PAXS (Guay et al, 2009).…”

Section: Impact Of Temperature On Ecologically Contingent Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Heritable symbionts in a world of varying temperature

et al. 2016

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Heritable microbes represent an important component of the biology, ecology and evolution of many plants, animals and fungi, acting as both parasites and partners. In this review, we examine how heritable symbiont-host interactions may alter host thermal tolerance, and how the dynamics of these interactions may more generally be altered by thermal environment. Obligate symbionts, those required by their host, are considered to represent a thermally sensitive weak point for their host, associated with accumulation of deleterious mutations. As such, these symbionts may represent an important determinant of host thermal envelope and spatial distribution. We then examine the varied relationship between thermal environment and the frequency of facultative symbionts that provide ecologically contingent benefits or act as parasites. We note that some facultative symbionts directly alter host thermotolerance. We outline how thermal environment will alter the benefits/costs of infection more widely, and additionally modulate vertical transmission efficiency. Multiple patterns are observed, with symbionts being cold sensitive in some species and heat sensitive in others, with varying and non-coincident thresholds at which phenotype and transmission are ablated. Nevertheless, it is clear that studies aiming to predict ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbiont-host interactions need to examine the interaction across a range of thermal environments. Finally, we discuss the importance of thermal sensitivity in predicting the success/failure of symbionts to spread into novel species following natural/engineered introduction.

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Section: Impact Of Temperature On Ecologically Contingent Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Heritable symbionts in a world of varying temperature

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, differences in the timing of lytic and lysogenic activity during the life cycle of the aphid or H. defensa may underlie the differential persistence of these APSE variants. Given evidence that higher temperatures reduce the protective benefits of H. defensa, abiotic factors may play a role in the within-host dynamics between APSE and H. defensa [34]. Studies with Nasonia also show that temperature shock reduces the abundance of Wolbachia while increasing the abundance of phage WO [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage loss and the breakdown of a defensive symbiosis in aphids

Weldon

Strand²,

Oliver³

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

101

111

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Terrestrial arthropods are often infected with heritable bacterial symbionts, which may themselves be infected by bacteriophages. However, what role, if any, bacteriophages play in the regulation and maintenance of insectbacteria symbioses is largely unknown. Infection of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum by the bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa confers protection against parasitoid wasps, but only when H. defensa is itself infected by the phage A. pisum secondary endosymbiont (APSE). Here, we use a controlled genetic background and correlation-based assays to show that loss of APSE is associated with up to sevenfold increases in the intra-aphid abundance of H. defensa. APSE loss is also associated with severe deleterious effects on aphid fitness: aphids infected with H. defensa lacking APSE have a significantly delayed onset of reproduction, lower weight at adulthood and half as many total offspring as aphids infected with phage-harbouring H. defensa, indicating that phage loss can rapidly lead to the breakdown of the defensive symbiosis. Our results overall indicate that bacteriophages play critical roles in both aphid defence and the maintenance of heritable symbiosis.

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“…Culex pipiens is more susceptible to West Nile Virus at higher temperatures (Dohm et al, 2002). Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) become less susceptible to the fungal pathogen (Erynia neoaphidis) as temperature increases (18 vs 28°C) (Stacey and Fellowes, 2002), but become more susceptible to a parasitoid (Bensadia et al, 2006). Temperature has complex effects on immune gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster, with greater expression of some immune genes at colder temperatures, whereas others have greater expression at warmer temperatures (Linder et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some like it hot: the effects of climate change on reproduction, immune function and disease resistance in the cricketGryllus texensis

Adamo

Lovett

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

147

114

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SUMMARYIn many parts of the world, climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of heat waves. How do heat waves impact short-lived poikilotherms such as insects? In the cricket, Gryllus texensis, 6days of elevated temperatures (i.e. 7°C above the average field temperature and 5°C above their preferred temperature) resulted in increased egg laying, faster egg development and greater mass gain. The increased temperature also increased activity of phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like enzymes, two immune-related enzymes, and enhanced resistance to the Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens. When given a sublethal S. marcescens infection, G. texensis maintained increased reproductive output at the elevated temperature (33°C). These data suggest that heat waves could result in more numerous, disease resistant, crickets. However, resistance to the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus cereus was lower at temperatures above or below the average field temperature (26°C). A sublethal infection with B. cereus reduced egg laying at all temperatures and suppressed the increase in egg laying induced by higher temperatures. These results suggest that for some species-pathogen interactions, increased temperatures can induce trade-offs between reproduction and disease resistance. This result may partly explain why G. texensis prefers temperatures lower than those that produce maximal reproductive output and enhanced immune function.

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Aphid clonal resistance to a parasitoid fails under heat stress

Cited by 131 publications

References 48 publications

Heritable symbionts in a world of varying temperature

Heritable symbionts in a world of varying temperature

Phage loss and the breakdown of a defensive symbiosis in aphids

Some like it hot: the effects of climate change on reproduction, immune function and disease resistance in the cricketGryllus texensis

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