API Gravity, Sulfur Content, and Desulfurization of Crude Oil

Balubaid

Basahel

et al. 2015

Self Cite

Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines (ICE), particularly spark ignition Otto Engine. Gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons with some contaminants, including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and certain metals. The four major constituent groups of gasoline are olefins, aromatics, paraffins, and napthenes. Octane number (ON) is measure of the ignition quality or flammability of gasoline. The ONs are Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON). RON is measured relative to a mixture of isooctane and n-heptane. Antiknock Index (AKI) is a measure of a fuel's ability to resist engine knock or octane quality. The AKI is an arithmetic average of RON and MON. The ON decreases with an increase chain length in the hydrocarbon molecule. The ONs increase with carbon chain branching. Another way of increasing the ON is used gasoline octane boosters as additives, such as tetraethyl lead (TEL), methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), and ferrocene. Aromatic alcohols, ethanol, and methanol also increase the ON of gasoline. The advantage to adding oxygenates, such as MTBE, methanol, and ethanol, to gasoline is that they cause very little pollution when they burn and are cleaner fuels.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octane Rating of Gasoline and Octane Booster Additives

Balubaid

Basahel

et al. 2015

Self Cite

show abstract

“…The API limits for D2 Diesel are 30-45 • . That translates to specific gravities of 0.876-0.802 (Demirbas et al, 2015). Table 1 shows specific gravities for some common liquids or fluids at 15.6 • C (Demirbas et al, 1999;Demirbas, 2000Demirbas, , 2006.…”

Section: Specific Gravity Of Petroleummentioning

confidence: 96%

“…API gravity varies inversely with density (i.e., the lighter the material, the higher its API gravity). By definition, water has API gravity of 10 • (Demirbas et al, 2015).…”

Section: Specific Gravity Of Petroleummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationships Between Specific Gravities and Higher Heating Values of Petroleum Components

Al‐Ghamdi

2015

Self Cite

“…The sulfur compounds from gasoline are generally removed by treating it with an alkaline solution sodium plumbite. An at large scale, the most economical method for converting hydrogen sulfide into sulfur is the Claus process (Demirbas et al, 2015). Sulfur in vehicle fuels leads to undesirable vehicle emissions of sulfur compounds and interferes with vehicle emission control systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur removal from crude oil using supercritical water

2016