“…For the time being and for convenience, these antimicrobial peptides are tentatively classified into four distinct groups based on amino acid sequences, secondary structures, and functional similarities: (i) linear basic peptides forming amphipathic ␣-helices including the cecropins, the first antimicrobial peptide isolated from insect hemolymph (for review see Ref. 9); (ii) peptides with one to six intramolecular disulfide bridges including the arthropod defensins (10), antifungal peptides from Drosophila, drosomycin (11) and metchnikowin (12), thanatin from Podisus (13), tachyplesin, big defensin and tachycitin from limulus (14 -16), and other cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides isolated from a scorpion (17) and from a bivalve mollusk (18,19); (iii) prolinerich peptides, among them the apidaecins and abaecins from Hymenoptera (20,21) and drosocin from Drosophila hemolymph (22); (iv) glycine-rich antimicrobial peptides or polypeptides (9 -30 kDa) such as the attacins (23), diptericin (24) and sarcotoxins (25). The mode of action, the broad activity, the molecular diversity, and the noncytotoxicity of all these circulating antimicrobial peptides make them very attractive as therapeutic agents for pharmaceutical or agricultural applications (26,27).…”