Apigenin ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes in rat kidney mitochondria

Abstract

The toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) toward the mitochondria of the kidney is not fully recognized and still needs further research. Apigenin (APG) is known as a flavonoid compound and natural antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to assess the ameliorative role of APG against multiwall CNT (MWCNT)-induced kidney toxicity in rats. The animals were administrated with APG (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks and then were exposed to MWCNTs (5 mg/m 3 ) in pure and impure forms (10 and 100 nm) for 5 h/day and 5 days/week. Then, mitochondria were isolated from the kidney tissue and mitochondrial toxicity parameters were measured. Decreases in succinate dehydrogenase activity have been reported in all groups exposed to MWCNTs. Results indicated that MWCNTs in both forms and sizes were able to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, decline mitochondrial membrane potential, induce mitochondrial swelling, and release cytochrome c in isolated kidney mitochondria. The pretreatment of APG decreased all the abovementioned mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress parameters induced by both pure and impure MWCNTs. Our results showed that MWCNTs have the ability to enter the body, subsequently, cross cellular barriers, and reach the kidney as a sensitive organ, which can result in mitochondrial damage in kidney cells including renal tubular cells. In addition, APG can be an effective nutritional antioxidant regimen against MWCNT-induced kidney damage.

Untargeted Metabolomics of Korean Fermented Brown Rice Using UHPLC Q-TOF MS/MS Reveal an Abundance of Potential Dietary Antioxidative and Stress-Reducing Compounds

“…Fermentation is considered to be a possible strategy not only to increase AAs but also to release insoluble bound phenolic compounds and thus to improve the poor bioavailability of grain phenolics [41]. In the present study, many phenolic compounds such as β-carotenol [42], eugenol [43], apigenin [44], 6-gingerol [45], cinnamic acid [46] and vanillic acid [47] were detected in high concentrations in fermented brown rice, and all of these have been reported as strong antioxidants, as well as able to reduce stress-related behaviors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for better interpretations, and to avoid multicollinearity (Figure 3B) (Table S3).…”

Current Status and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin: Focus on Metabolic-Syndrome-Dependent Organ Dysfunction

“…NiONPs have important medical applications; unfortunately, they showed a significant toxic profile mainly due to pro-oxidative action [129]. Moreover, Zamani and collaborators indicated, in rats, that apigenin was effective in exerting renal mitochondrial protection and antioxidant action following the exposure of carbon nanotubes, which induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and accumulate in several organs and tissues, including kidneys, with consequent organ damage [130].…”

Quercetin-Ameliorated, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Induced Immunotoxic, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Effects in Mice

“…The large surface area of CNTs triggered free radical overproduction [ 51 ]. These free radicals dominate the endogenous antioxidant enzymes leading to the damage of protein, lipids, and DNA and, finally, apoptosis [ 11 , 52 ].…”

“…To date, the actual mechanism of CNTs toxicity has not been fully elucidated yet. Some researchers attributed these toxic effects to CNTs’ ability to interfere with the function of cellular components, particularly mitochondria, through the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation [ 8 , 10 , 11 ]. In vitro and in vivo toxicological studies revealed that MWCNTs had the potential to induce the production of inflammatory cytokines [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…CNTs can pass through the blood-brain barrier and trigger the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress damage to the mitochondria of neurons [ 15 ]. Moreover, the administration of MWCNTs significantly elevated the oxidative stress markers and decreased the antioxidant markers in rat kidneys [ 11 , 16 ].…”