Apnea during Cheyne-Stokes-like breathing detected by a piezoelectric sensor for screening of sleep disordered breathing

Abstract

A simplified diagnostic/monitoring instrument for use in primary screening for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been desired. This study was designed to assess the validity of a newly developed piezoelectric sensor as a simple and noninvasive tool for primary screening for sleepdisordered breathing. Forty-three consecutive patients suspected of having sleep-disordered breathing and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Breathing movement was detected with the piezoelectric sensor (180 × 30 × 1 mm), which was placed under a bed sheet under patients, and simultaneous polysomnographic recordings were obtained. We counted the number of apneas of >10 s, irrespective of central or obstructive, that appeared during Cheyne-Stokes-like breathing with a waxing and waning pattern with an amplitude ratio of >10 in the piezoelectric sensor signal. The correlation coefficient between the number of apneas and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 0.74 (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity/specificity of the number of apneas for distinguishing non-SDB patients from mild SDB patients (AHI ≥ 5) were 92.1/60.0% and those for separating moderate to severe (AHI ≥ 15) and severe (AHI ≥ 30) SDB patients from the other patients were 96.9/100% and 93.8/86.5%, respectively. There were no complaints from patients about the use of the piezoelectric sensor. The results indicate that the number of apneas detected by this piezoelectric sensor during Cheyne-Stokes-like breathing is a potential new index for primary screening for SDB at least for cardiac patients. Thus, the piezoelectric-sensor system might be useful for simple, noninvasive and comfortable SDB screening at home, hospitals and health care facilities.

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration Perception via Machine Learning Algorithms

“…This is susceptible to interference noise, however, and is not suitable for detecting Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Takashi Koyama's team detected Cheyne-Stokes-like breathing by placing a piezoelectric sensor on the sheet under the patient to detect the movement and deformation of the patient's chest [13]. Nadi Sadr's team extracted respiratory signal (EDR) via human electrocardiograph (ECG) by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm [14].…”

Evaluation of a Commercial Ballistocardiography Sensor for Sleep Apnea Screening and Sleep Monitoring

“…As such, the sensor can provide information on sleep-disordered breathing as well as other origins of motion. A study by Koyama et al [5], based on BCG, studied the feasibility of a piezoelectric sensor for apnea screening. They considered apneas during Cheyne–Stokes-like breathing to be correlated with AHI.…”

Phenotype-Based and Self-Learning Inter-Individual Sleep Apnea Screening With a Level IV-Like Monitoring System

“…This tool should be easy to install at home, cheap, comfortable, and not interfere sleep. Many sensors have been explored for this purpose, including those equipped in different items ( Al-Mardini et al, 2014 ; Koyama et al, 2015 ), for example, the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, oximeter signal, sound, nasal airflow measurement, respiration effort measurement, oximeter, and accelerometer. In addition to developing an easy-to-install, inexpensive, and accurate screening monitor, researchers have proposed several artificial intelligence (AI) systems for automatic annotation of the collected signal with high accuracy and, therefore, achieve the screening purpose ( Alvarez-Estevez and Moret-Bonillo, 2015 ).…”