APOA1 (-75 G>A and 83 C>T) and APOB (2488 C>T) polymorphisms and its association with Myocardial Infarction, lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

IntroductionThe increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in T2DM is well documented. Polymorphisms in APOA1 and APOB genes allow us to identify new genetic markers in Mexican population with T2DM and MI.Material and methodsWe studied 135 patients with DMT2 and MI (DI); another 85 non-infarcted diabetic individuals with DMT2 but without previous ischemic events (NID) and 242 Healthy subjects (HS), all three groups were selected with the aim to investigate the association between the polymorphisms and infarction when T2DM is present or absent.Results-75 G>A polymorphism: differences were found in genotype distribution between DI and NID individuals (OR: 2.01, CI:1.117-3.623, p= 0.019) with an increased risk for A in the dominant model (OR: 1.77, CI: 1.020-3.084, p= 0.042); also concentrations of ApoA-I for A/A were lower in comparison with G/A (p = 0.038) and LDL-C and HDL-C levels were lower in G/A respecting to G/G carriers. 83 C> T polymorphism of APOA1: for DI individuals: HDL-C was lower in T/T respecting to C/C and triglyceride levels were lower in C/T respect to C/C carriers.ConclusionsThe -75 G>A APOA1 polymorphism could be considered as a susceptibility factor for Myocardial Infarction in individuals with T2DM and 2488 C>T APOB polymorphism is associated with changes in HDL-C and LDL-C and triglycerides in the same group.roup.

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Apolipoprotein A-I

“…ApoA-I gene mutations have been demonstrated to be associated with the development of numerous diseases, including those observed in diabetic patients. In particular, polymorphisms at the -75 bp locus of the ApoA-I gene have been linked to an increased risk of myocardial infarction in these patients ( 17 ). Individuals with the CC genotype of SNP rs5069 are more susceptible to oxidative imbalance and are at a higher risk of developing pancreatitis ( 18 ).…”

2023: The year in cardiovascular disease - the year of new and prospective lipid lowering therapies. Can we render dyslipidemia a rare disease by 2024?

“…The latest International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) guidelines from 2023, published simultaneously with the CLEAR Outcomes study, indicate that bempedoic acid is recommended in combination with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs in ASCVD when the LDL-C treatment targets are not met (class of recommendations: I; level: A), in combination with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (heFH) when the LDL-C treatment targets are not met (class of recommendations: I; level: A); in combination with maximally tolerated statins and other non-statin agents to enable patients with partial statin intolerance to reach therapeutic goals (class of recommendations: I; level: A); in monotherapy or in combination with ezetimibe (FDC) and other non-statin drugs to enable patients with complete statin intolerance to reach their therapeutic goals (class of recommendations: I; level: A) [ 59 ]. Based on the available results the ILEP experts also recommended to consider bempedoic acid in primary prevention patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk, who despite optimal, maximally tolerated doses of statins and ezetimbe, have not achieved their LDL-C target (class of recommendation: IIb; level: B); in patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk with elevated hsCRP levels (class of recommendation: IIb; level: B), and in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk with prediabetes and diabetes to reduce the risk of NOD and improve glycaemia (class of recommendation: IIb; level: B) ( Figures 2 – 4 ) [ 59 – 61 ].…”