APOGEE discovery of a chemically atypical star disrupted from NGC 6723 and captured by the Milky Way bulge

Abstract

The central ('bulge') region of the Milky Way is teeming with a significant fraction of mildly metal-deficient stars with atmospheres that are strongly enriched in cyanogen ( 12 C 14 N). Some of these objects, which are also known as nitrogen-enhanced stars, are hypothesised to be relics of the ancient assembly history of the Milky Way. Although the chemical similarity of nitrogen-enhanced stars to the unique chemical patterns observed in globular clusters has been observed, a direct connection between field stars and globular clusters has not yet been proven. In this work, we report on high-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the bulge globular cluster NGC 6723, and the serendipitous discovery of a star, 2M18594405−3651518, located outside the cluster (near the tidal radius) but moving on a similar orbit, providing the first clear piece of evidence of a star that was very likely once a cluster member and has recently been ejected. Its nitrogen abundance ratio ([N/Fe] +0.94) is well above the typical Galactic field-star levels, and it exhibits noticeable enrichment in the heavy s-process elements (Ce, Nd, and Yb), along with moderate carbon enrichment; all characteristics are known examples in globular clusters. This result suggests that some of the nitrogen-enhanced stars in the bulge likely originated from the tidal disruption of globular clusters.

APOGEE spectroscopic evidence for chemical anomalies in dwarf galaxies: The case of M 54 and Sagittarius

“…Following the same methodology as described in Fernández-Trincado et al (2021a), we compute the predicted number (N N−rich ) of N-rich field stars observed in APOGEE-2 toward M 54/Sgr using the smooth halo density relations presented in Horta et al (2021), and by adopting the same Monte Carlo implementation of the Von Neumann Rejection Technique (see e.g., Press et al 2002) as in Eq. 7 in (Fernández-Trincado et al 2015).…”