Apoio social e desenvolvimento socioemocional infantojuvenil

Abstract

Squassoni CE, Matsukura TS, Panúncio-Pinto MP. Apoio social e desenvolvimento socioemocional infantojuvenil. Rev Ter Ocup Univ São Paulo. 2014 jan./abr.,25(1);27-35. RESUMO:Devido à relação entre a presença do apoio social e resultados positivos relacionados à saúde e ao bem-estar muitos estudos buscam caracterizar as redes de apoio de crianças e adolescentes e tentam identifi car possíveis associações entre o apoio social e outras variáveis. O objetivo do estudo foi verifi car a relação entre a percepção do apoio social e o desenvolvimento socioemocional de crianças e adolescentes. O estudo contou com 532 participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 11 e 18 anos. Foi utilizada a versão brasileira do Social Support Appraisals, que avaliou a percepção do apoio recebido da família, amigos, professores e da comunidade, e o Questionário de Capacidades e Difi culdades que investigou os sintomas de difi culdades e seu impacto sobre a criança/adolescente. Dentre os resultados, verifi couse que a família foi percebida como a maior fonte de apoio disponível e 13,2% dos participantes apresentaram sintomas clínicos com predomínio de problemas de conduta e sintomas emocionais. O estudo de correlação indicou somente relações negativas entre a percepção do apoio social e os sintomas de difi culdades. A literatura aponta que relações pobres no período da infância e adolescência podem levar a sintomas precoces de problemas e/ou distúrbios emocionais, que podem causar difi culdades em outras fases da vida. ABSTRACT: Because of the relationship between the presence of social support and positive outcomes related to health and wellbeing many studies seek to characterize the support networks of children and adolescents, and try to identify possible associations between social support and other variables. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between perception of social support and social-emotional development of children and adolescents. The study included 532 participants, aged between 11 and 18 years. We used the Brazilian version of the Social Support Appraisals, which assessed the perceived support from family, friends, teachers and the community, and the Strengths and Diffi culties Questionnaire which investigated the symptoms of problems and their impact on child/adolescent. Among the results, it was found that the family was perceived as a major source of support available and 13.2% of the participants had clinical symptoms with prevalence of conduct problems and emotional symptoms. The correlation study indicated only negative relationships between perceived social support and symptoms of diffi culties. The literature suggests that poor relationships during childhood and adolescence may lead to early symptoms of problems and/or emotional disorders, which can cause diffi culties in other phases of life. DESCRITORES:

Resilience and mental health problems in children and adolescents who have been victims of violence

“…The literature indicates the family as the main source of social support 20 , and family stability and social relations as important predictors of a more adaptive and resilient emotional competence 22 . Surprisingly, as opposed to these researches, the multivariate analysis of this study did not identify it as predictive of resilience, neither as a vulnerability factor in any of the RSCA scales 12 .…”

“…Another study examined the influence of people considered significant in the community on the construction of aspects that predict resilience in children and adolescents who have been victims of domestic violence; according to this study, these figures play a moderating role in the subjects’ cognitive ability and home stability 19 . The functions performed by role models (even more distant ones, like people in the community) and by the social support network are fundamental protective factors in the construction of resilience 20 .…”

Rede social de adolescentes em liberdade assistida na perspectiva da saúde pública

“…The problem with small networks is that the absence of any one of its members can cause a significant loss (13) . However, some authors (5,(14)(15) understand that the influence of the network varies according to the type of intensity of the tie, independently of the number of individuals in it, because what counts is the perception of having someone to truly rely upon. On the other hand, medium networks (15) in childhood and adolescence have been presented as ideal in the literature because they lessen the problems that large and small networks have and because they are efficient in distributing overload in support.…”

“…Therefore, the authors notice that the support offered to these adolescents is composed of not only subjective aspects, but also of material and informational support. Still on this subject, the literature (14)(15)(16)24) asserts that social ties, allotted to strategic positions, facilitate possibilities, because they considerably foster access to resources available through the networks. From there comes the essential role of CREAS in the lives of these adolescents under probation.…”

Relatos de gestores da Assistência Social, Educação e Segurança Pública sobre o enfrentamento da violência

“…Nessa ótica, as violências contra esse grupo ampliam-se na medida em que os programas públicos de prevenção e de atendimento são insuficientes, faltam profissionais qualificados para a identificação e para o manejo, além de ocorrer omissão quanto ao cumprimento do arcabouço legal 6 . Em busca desse enfrentamento, a literatura aponta o apoio social como um dos mais expressivos fatores de proteção 7 , ainda que apresente definições que dialogam com diversos construtos teóricos e práticas de cuidados 8,9 . Neste estudo, apreende-se como apoio social a tipologia das redes setoriais públicas, nomeadas como as que ofertam serviços específicos e especializados, resultantes das obrigações e dos deveres do Estado para com seus cidadãos 4 .…”