Apolipoprotein E and longevity among Han Chinese population

Zhang, Jiangang; Ma, Yue; Chuan-Fu, Wang; Pei-Fang, Lu; Song-Bai, Zhen; Nui-Fan, Gu; Gao, Feng; He, Lin

doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00067-0

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similar elevated E2 allele frequencies were observed in Japanese centenarians and Finnish centenarians [Hirose et al, 1997;Louhija et al, 1994]. However, in other populations, including Canadian, British, and Italian octogenarians and a randomly chosen Han Chinese population, the frequency of the E2 allele was similar in the older and younger cohorts, and the frequency of the E4 allele was not consistently lower in the older cohort [Davignon et al, 1988;Galinsky et al, 1997;Bader et al, 1998;Jian-Gang et al, 1998]. To further elucidate the role of APOE in mortality and to examine differential effects in different ethnic groups, we studied the risk of mortality associated with the APOE genotype in Caucasians, Hispanics, and African-Americans, while controlling for risk factors that may in¯uence an individual's survival.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…In other populations, including Canadian and British octogenarians and a randomly chosen Han Chinese population, however, the E2 frequency did not differ signi®cantly between the older and younger cohorts [Davignon et al, 1988;Galinsky et al, 1997;Jian-Gang et al, 1998]. The basis for these differences may be related to different ascertainment strategies and potential differences in known risk factors, such as sex, lipids, and health conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Mortality and Apolipoprotein E in Hispanic, African-American, and Caucasian elders

et al. 2001

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To investigate whether mortality risk is influenced by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and whether the risk differs by ethnicity, we compared the mortality risk in 2,112 individuals > or = 65 years of age residing in northern Manhattan in New York. Mortality risks associated with the APOE genotype, adjusted for sex, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, differed significantly by ethnic group. Among Caucasian and Hispanics, the E2/E3 genotype was associated with the lowest mortality risk in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, adjusted for lipid levels, whereas mortality risk did not differ substantially between the E4/E3 and E3/E3 genotypes. Among African-Americans, the E2/E3 genotype was not associated with the lowest mortality risk, but the E4/E3 genotype was. Adjustment for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke reduced mortality risk associated with each genotype by about 50% for all ethnic groups, but the patterns remained the same. Although we cannot rule out the possibility of a healthy survival bias, our analyses designed to examine healthy survival by comparing risk of mortality in groups who were younger or older at entry do not support this possibility. Our findings suggest that the APOE genotype is associated with mortality and that the genotypic risks differ by ethnic group. Nearly 50% of the mortality risk associated with the APOE genotype appears to act through major chronic diseases, but those diseases only partially explain the mechanism by which the genotypic risk acts. To better understand the observed ethnic differences in mortality risk by genotype, a detailed prospective study is needed to examine the relationships among APOE, other candidate genes, health conditions, and eventual death.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mortality and Apolipoprotein E in Hispanic, African-American, and Caucasian elders

et al. 2001

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“…In humans the ApoE is one of the most important and consistent genes identified with respect to both pathological ageing and healthy longevity. Early research by Schachter et al (1994) identified the ApoE 2 allele as being more frequent in French nonagenarians and this finding has been confirmed in other single studies and meta-analyses where not only was ApoE 2 allele frequency accentuated but carriage of the ApoE4 allele was reduced in nonagenarian and centenarians cohorts (Frisoni et al 2001;Blanché et al 2001;Rea et al 2001;Jian-Gang et al 1998). In parallel studies ApoE has also been identified as being the single most important gene associated with 'healthy longevity' in a host of individual studies as locally (Bennati et al 2010;Rea et al 2001), across Europe (Eggertsen et al 1993Deelan et al 2011), in several meta-analyses and most recently in the European Genetics of HEalthy Ageing (GeHA) nonagenarian sibling cohort, where it is closely related to the TOMM40 gene location (Beekman et al 2013;Deelan et al 2014;Brooks-Wilson 2013).…”

Section: Apoe Epigenetics and Longevitymentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Another finding is that the ApoE4 allele frequency is variable across the world and differs with ethnic background and latitude, with higher frequencies close to the equator and in northern regions (Singh et al 2006;Eisenberg et al 2010). In the Chinese Han population, a baseline frequency of 8-9 % at age 20, falling to 3 % in the[90 s has been reported, suggesting a similar attrition with age for the ApoE 4 allele in Han Chinese but from a lower baseline population frequency (Jian-Gang et al 1998). Again there is the consideration that lower ApoE4 population frequencies may contribute to a lower baseline frequency and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and early mortality.…”

Section: Apoe Epigenetics and Longevitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Living long and ageing well: is epigenomics the missing link between nature and nurture?

2015

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Human longevity is a complex trait and increasingly we understand that both genes and lifestyle interact in the longevity phenotype. Non-genetic factors, including diet, physical activity, health habits, and psychosocial factors contribute approximately 50% of the variability in human lifespan with another 25% explained by genetic differences. Family clusters of nonagenarian and centenarian siblings, who show both exceptional age-span and health-span, are likely to have inherited facilitatory gene groups, but also have nine decades of life experiences and behaviours which have interacted with their genetic profiles. Identification of their shared genes is just one small step in the link from genes to their physical and psychological profiles. Behavioural genomics is beginning to demonstrate links to biological mechanisms through regulation of gene expression, which directs the proteome and influences the personal phenotype. Epigenetics has been considered the missing link between nature and nurture. Although there is much that remains to be discovered, this article will discuss some of genetic and environmental factors which appear important in good quality longevity and link known epigenetic mechanisms to themes identified by nonagenarians themselves related to their longevity. Here we suggest that exceptional 90-year old siblings have adopted a range of behaviours and life-styles which have contributed to their ageing-well-phenotype and which link with important public health messages.

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“…It is possible that we did not find this association because the APOE allelic frequencies are extremely variable in ethnic groups. Although increased frequencies of the ε2 allele were found in long-lived individuals in European populations (Frisoni et al 2001;Rea et al 2001), this trend did not attain statistical significance in Japanese, Korean or Chinese populations in previous studies (Asada et al 1996;Jian-Gang et al 1998;Choi et al 2003). A recent large longitudinal study found increased CVD risk in male ε2 carriers compared to ε3/ε3 subjects (Pilote et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Is APOE $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$ 3 a favourable factor for the longevity: an association study in Chinese population

Feng

et al. 2011

J Genet

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Apolipoprotein E and longevity among Han Chinese population

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Mortality and Apolipoprotein E in Hispanic, African-American, and Caucasian elders

Mortality and Apolipoprotein E in Hispanic, African-American, and Caucasian elders

Living long and ageing well: is epigenomics the missing link between nature and nurture?

Is APOE $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$ 3 a favourable factor for the longevity: an association study in Chinese population

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