Apolipoprotein E e4 and Cognitive Function: A Modifiable Association? Results from Two Independent Cohort Studies

Perna, Laura; Mons, Ute; Rujescu, Dan; Kliegel, Matthias; Brenner, Hermann

doi:10.1159/000440697

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…ApoE status was available for all participants; 32 participants tested positive (found to have at least one ApoE 4 gene). Given the documented evidence of a relationship with cholesterol and cognition (Perna, Mons, Rujescu, Kliegel, & Brenner, 2015; Sato & Morishita, 2015), we included APoE status as a variable in all regression models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated levels of serum cholesterol are associated with better performance on tasks of episodic memory

et al. 2016

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Objective We examined how serum cholesterol, an established risk factor for cerebrovascular disease (CVD), relates to cognitive function in healthy middle-older aged individuals with no neurologic or CVD history. Method A complete lipid panel was obtained from a cohort of one hundred twenty individuals, ages 43–85, who also underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological examination. In order to reduce the number of variables and empirically identify broad cognitive domains, scores from neuropsychological tests were submitted into a factor analysis. This analysis revealed three explainable factors: Memory, Executive Function and Memory/Language. Three separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted using individual cholesterol metrics (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein; LDL, high density lipoprotein; HDL, and triglycerides), as well as age, education, medication status (lipid lowering agents), ApoE status, and additional risk factors for CVD to predict neuropsychological function. Results The Memory Factor was predicted by a combination of age, LDL, and triglyceride levels; both age and triglycerides were negatively associated with factor score, while LDL levels revealed a positive relationship. Both the Executive and Memory/Language factor were only explained by education, whereby more years were associated with better performance. Conclusions These results provide evidence that individual cholesterol lipoproteins and triglycerides may differentially impact cognitive function, over and above other common CVD risk factors and ApoE status. Our findings demonstrate the importance of consideration of vascular risk factors, such as cholesterol, in studies of cognitive aging.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated levels of serum cholesterol are associated with better performance on tasks of episodic memory

et al. 2016

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“…A major goal in current gerontological research is to understand how interindividual differences in cognitive functioning in old age emerge [1,2]. To address this issue, the cognitive reserve concept postulates that interindividual differences in the effective recruitment of neural networks and cognitive processes explain differences in individuals' capacity to cope with or compensate for age-related decline [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Relates to Working Memory, Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall in Brazilian Older Adults: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

Ihle

Gouveia²,

Gouveia³

et al. 2017

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: The present study set out to investigate the relation of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level to cognitive performance and its interplay with key markers of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults. Methods: We assessed tests of working memory, immediate and delayed cued recall in 701 older adults from Amazonas, Brazil. The HDL-C level was derived from fasting blood samples. In addition, we interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity. Results: A critically low HDL-C level (<40 mg/dL) was significantly related to lower performance in working memory, immediate and delayed cued recall. Moderation analyses suggested that the relations of the HDL-C level to working memory and delayed cued recall were negligible in individuals with longer education, a higher cognitive level of the job, and greater engagement in cognitive leisure activity. Conclusion: Cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course may reduce the detrimental influences of a critically low HDL-C level on cognitive functioning in old age.

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“…During the last decades, the identification and understanding of the predictors of interindividual differences in cognitive resources and in vulnerability to cognitive decline have become a major objective in gerontological research [1,2]. To address this issue, the cognitive reserve concept provides an explanation of such interindividual differences regarding vulnerability to age-related brain changes [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Obesity to Performance in Verbal Abilities, Processing Speed, and Cognitive Flexibility in Old Age: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

Ihle

Mons²,

Perna³

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: The present study set out to investigate the relation of obesity to performance in verbal abilities, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility and its interplay with key correlates of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults. Methods: A total of 2,812 older adults served as a sample for the present study. Psychometric tests on verbal abilities, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility were administered. In addition, individuals were interviewed on their weight and height (to calculate body mass index; BMI), educational attainment, occupation, and engaging in different activities throughout adulthood. Results: Obesity (BMI ≥30) was significantly associated with a lower performance in verbal abilities, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility. Moderation analyses showed that obesity was related to lower processing speed and cognitive flexibility only in individuals with low engagement in activities and low education. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that obesity was not related to any of the three investigated cognitive performance measures when cognitive reserve in early and midlife was taken into account. Conclusion: Present data suggest that cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course may reduce the detrimental influences of obesity on cognitive functioning in old age.

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Apolipoprotein E e4 and Cognitive Function: A Modifiable Association? Results from Two Independent Cohort Studies

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Elevated levels of serum cholesterol are associated with better performance on tasks of episodic memory

Elevated levels of serum cholesterol are associated with better performance on tasks of episodic memory

High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Relates to Working Memory, Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall in Brazilian Older Adults: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

The Relation of Obesity to Performance in Verbal Abilities, Processing Speed, and Cognitive Flexibility in Old Age: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

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