Apologies: Japanese and American styles

Barnlund, Dean C.; Yoshioka, Miho

doi:10.1016/0147-1767(90)90005-h

Cited by 91 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Research has examined how culture and language influence the use of different forms of apologies (Barnlund & Yoshioka, 1990;Cohen et al, 1986), the frequency of apologizing (Tanaka, Spencer-Oatey, & Cray, 2000) and the intention to apologize (Guan, Park, & Lee, 2009;Park & Guan, 2006;Tanaka et al, 2000), and speech act theory has stimulated cross-cultural research on a variety of speech acts including apologies (e.g., Blum-Kulka, House, & Kasper, 1989;Blum-Kulka & Olshtain, 1984). But research has yet to examine how culture influences the process in which the offender adjusts his or her face goals to manage the face threats to both parties when apologizing.…”

Section: Apologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Face goals in apology

Han

Cai

2010

JAPC

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This study investigated how the offender's responsibility, offense severity, offender's prior relationship with the offended person, and culture influence the offender's concerns for self-and other-positive and negative face when apologizing to the offended person. The study hypothesized that responsibility, severity, and relationship have positive relationships with other-positive, other-negative, and self-positive face concerns but a negative relationship with self-negative face concern. Culture was expected to moderate the effect of relationship on the four face concerns. Results supported the main effects of responsibility and relationship on other-positive, other-negative, and self-positive face concerns, but these effects were moderated by culture such that the expected positive relationships were supported only among U.S. Americans but not among Chinese. U.S. Americans varied their face concerns when apologizing based on situational and relational cues whereas Chinese did not make such distinctions; Chinese maintained relatively high levels of face concerns across the different levels of responsibility and relationship type.

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Section: Apologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Face goals in apology

Han

Cai

2010

JAPC

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“…Among the limited number of cross-cultural studies on apology use, comparisons have been made primarily between Japanese and American cultures (e.g., Barnlund & Yoshioka, 1990;Cupach & Imahori, 1993;Sugimoto, 1997;Takaku, Weiner, & Ohbuchi, 2001;Tanaka, Spencer-Oatey, & Cray, 2000;Wagatsuma & Rosett, 1986). Earlier findings showed that, generally, Japanese tended to apologize more frequently and explicitly than did US Americans, and that Japanese apologized more in established interpersonal relationships, whereas US Americans tended to apologize more in public (Barnlund & Yoshioka, 1990;Cupach & Imahori, 1993;Haley, 1998;Sugimoto, 1997;Wagatsuma & Rosett, 1986).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effects of National Culture and Face Concerns on Intention to Apologize: A Comparison of the USA and China

Park¹,

Guan²

2006

Journal of Intercultural Communication Research

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“…Such studies seem to give a clearer view on the relationship between speech acts and cultural factors (Barnlund & Yoshioka, 1990;Suszczynska, 1999). The choice of apology strategies is also determined by social differences such as sex, age, and social status.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%