Apology–forgiveness cycle in restorative justice, but how?

Suzuki, Masahiro; Jenkins, Tamera

doi:10.1177/02697580221079994

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Furthermore, recently, scholars found that a wrongdoer’s apology is perceived as more sincere when combined with a reparation offer, as opposed to a mere verbal apology (Jeter & Brannon, 2018; Suzuki & Jenkins, 2022). In this study, the expression of accountability shifted the narrative of the harm from responsibility for past actions to accountability for future ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survivors’ Paths Toward Forgiveness in Restorative Justice Following Sexual Violence

Hadar

Gal

2023

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Sexual violence (SV) yields complex justice and therapeutic needs among its survivors. Restorative justice (RJ), conducted in addition to or instead of the criminal justice process following SV, provides a platform to address these needs and repair the harm. This study describes the dynamics of RJ processes following SV, leading to the emergence of dialogic forgiveness. Dialogic forgiveness refers to a reduction in negative thoughts, feelings, and motivations toward the responsible person (RP), and the emergence of positive ones within a process of mutual communication between the survivor, RP, and supporters. Focusing on survivors’ experiences, this study, conducted in Israel, is based on 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews with SV survivors who participated in RJ encounters, their five supporters, and five RJ facilitators. Gestures of accountability, humanization, and gratitude were identified as crucial elements of implicit and explicit dialogic forgiveness, demonstrating the healing power of RJ following SV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survivors’ Paths Toward Forgiveness in Restorative Justice Following Sexual Violence

Hadar

Gal

2023

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…However, there is a lack of theoretical understanding of the relationship between apology and forgiveness in the RJ processes. After identifying key elements and impediments of the apology-forgiveness cycle during RJ meetings based on the existing literatures, we develop a theoretical model of the apology-forgiveness cycle during RJ encounters (Suzuki, & Jenkins, 2022). Indonesia adheres to a retributive punishment system, namely a criminal justice system with a focus on sentencing as a form of retribution for the perpetrator's actions and as a means of preventing similar crimes.…”

Section: B Research Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing of Restorative Justice to Build the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia: A Study of the Batak Toba Justice System

Rochaeti,

Prasetyo,

Park

2023

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The pursuit of fairness and harmony between the realization of rights and duties is a cornerstone of human progress. Restorative justice case resolution represents an endeavor to introduce a non-punitive procedure into Indonesia's criminal justice system as part of its ongoing effort to modernize its legal framework. Restorative justice focuses on healing criminal behavior's harm and shattered relationships. This study examined the feasibility of implementing restorative justice aspects into a national criminal justice system, gaining inspiration from the Toba Batak Indigenous People. The methodology was socio-legal. Dalihan Natolu is recognized as an alternative conflict settlement method for Toba Batak. The traditional leader mediates in this conflict resolution. By Batak customary law, the imposition of sanctions is decided by customary judges or kings. Dalihan Natolu then tells the culprit not to repeat his behavior. Dalihan Natolu involves offenders, victims, families of offenders and victims, and other parties in seeking a fair settlement that emphasizes repair above retribution. This helps Dalihan Natolu solve criminal concerns. In indigenous cultures, customary institutions convene the parties engaged in a crime to provide counsel and find solutions that do not harm or profit only one side. Justice is served, and the victim is not harmed.

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“…Last but not least, forgiveness may also serve as an enabling factor for victim recovery in restorative justice. Although forgiveness is not frequently discussed in the restorative justice literature due to its perception as a secondary goal that should be offered by victims out of their generosity (Armour & Umbreit, 2018; Suzuki & Jenkins, 2023), forgiveness may be offered more often in restorative justice than previously recognized (e.g., see the review by Suzuki & Jenkins, 2022). This prevalence may be because even victims of violence sometimes participate in the restorative justice process with a pro-social motive to support the rehabilitation of justice-involved persons (Van Camp & Wemmers, 2013).…”

Section: A Theoretical Framework For the Victim Recovery Process In R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1. Although an apology from people who offend has the potential to foster forgiveness among victims in restorative justice, it is worth noting that victims may also express forgiveness even in the absence of such apologies (for more details, see Suzuki & Jenkins, 2023). Consequently, I consider forgiveness as a distinct enabling factor for the victim recovery process in restorative justice. …”

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confidence: 99%

Victim Recovery in Restorative Justice: A Theoretical Framework

Suzuki

2023

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Restorative justice was initially used for minor crimes, but it has been increasingly used to address the aftermath of violent crimes. Previous studies have indicated that restorative justice can be effective in reducing the harmful effects of violent victimization. However, there is limited research on how restorative justice can support victim recovery. This article presents a theoretical framework to better understand the relationship between victim recovery and restorative justice. The framework identifies core recovery factors that are common to victims of different types of violence, as well as those that are relevant to the restorative justice process. In addition, the framework highlights enabling factors that can facilitate the victim recovery process when present in restorative justice as well as inhibiting factors that can impede the victim recovery process if they are present in restorative justice.

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Apology–forgiveness cycle in restorative justice, but how?

Cited by 6 publications

References 117 publications

Survivors’ Paths Toward Forgiveness in Restorative Justice Following Sexual Violence

Survivors’ Paths Toward Forgiveness in Restorative Justice Following Sexual Violence

Implementing of Restorative Justice to Build the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia: A Study of the Batak Toba Justice System

Victim Recovery in Restorative Justice: A Theoretical Framework

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