Apoplastic Synthesis of Nitric Oxide by Plant Tissues

Bethke, Paul C.; Badger, Murray R.; Jones, Russell L.

doi:10.1105/tpc.017822

Cited by 492 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Non-enzymatically, NO may also be formed by chemical reduction of NO 2 -at acidic pH (Wendehenne et al, 2001). Such non-enzymatic NO formation was observed in apoplast of barley aleurone cells (Bethke et al, 2004). Once NO is generated in the system it reacts with biological molecules like DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins to manifest its effects.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 97%

S-Nitrosylation — another biological switch like phosphorylation?

Abat

Saigal

Deswal

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key-signaling molecule affecting plant growth and development right from seed germination to cell death. It is now being considered as a new plant hormone. NO is predominantly produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in animal systems. NOS converts L-arginine (substrate) to citrulline and NO is a byproduct of the reaction. However, a similar biosynthetic mechanism is still not fully established in plants as NOS is still to be purified. First plant NOS gene (AtNOS1) was cloned from Arabidopsis suggesting the existence of NOS in plants. It was shown to be involved in hormonal signaling, stomatal closure, flowering, pathogen defense response, oxidative stress, senescence and salt tolerance. However, recent studies have raised critical questions/concerns about its substantial role in NO biosynthesis. Despite the ever increasing number of NO responses observed, little is known about the signal transduction pathway(s) and mechanisms by which NO interacts with different components and results in altered cellular activities. A brief overview is presented here. Proteins are one of the major bio-molecule besides DNA, RNA and lipids which are modified by NO and its derivatives. S-nitrosylation is a ubiquitous NO mediated posttranslational modification that might regulate broad spectrum of proteins. In this review S-nitrosylation formation, catabolism and its biological significance is discussed to present the current scenario of this modification in plants.

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Section: Biosynthesis Of Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 97%

S-Nitrosylation — another biological switch like phosphorylation?

Abat

Saigal

Deswal

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…These results indicate that additional mechanisms to reduce nitrite into NO exist in plant cells and that the decreased capability for NO synthesis of mutant plants with defective NR activity might result from their reduced nitrite levels (Modolo et al, 2005). Other enzymatic sources for nitrite-dependent NO synthesis exist in the plasma membrane (Stohr et al, 2001) and mitochondria (Planchet et al, 2005), whereas nonenzymatic production of NO from nitrite has been shown to occur in acidic and reducing environments, such as the apoplasm (Bethke et al, 2004) and plastids (Cooney et al, 1994). The highly reduced levels of L-Arg in the nia1 nia2 mutant (Modolo et al, 2006) might also compromise its ability to produce NO.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Hunting for Plant Nitric Oxide Synthase Provides New Evidence of a Central Role for Plastids in Nitric Oxide Metabolism

et al. 2009

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Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a central signaling molecule in plants and animals. However, the long search for a plant NO synthase (NOS) enzyme has only encountered false leads. The first works describing a pathogen-induced NOS-like plant protein were soon retracted. New hope came from the identification of NOS1, an Arabidopsis thaliana protein with an atypical NOS activity that was found to be targeted to mitochondria in roots. Although concerns about the NO-producing activity of this protein were raised (causing the renaming of the protein to NO-associated 1), compelling data on its biological role were missing until recently. Strong evidence is now available that this protein functions as a GTPase that is actually targeted to plastids, where it might be required for ribosome function. These and other results support the argument that the defective NO production in loss-of-function mutants is an indirect effect of interfering with normal plastid functions and that plastids play an important role in regulating NO levels in plant cells.

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“…SNP releases NO when illuminated [29] or when it reacts with biological tissues [30]. Murgia et al [31] reported that different NO donors could have different or even opposite effects on plant metabolism; therefore, we used two NO donors GSNO and SNP.…”

Section: Function Of No On Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of water channel proteins and nitric oxide signaling in rice seed germination

et al. 2007

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Previous studies have demonstrated the possible role of several aquaporins in seed germination. But systematic investigation of the role of aquaporin family members in this process is lacking. Here, the developmental regulation of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) expression throughout germination and post-germination processes in rice embryos was analyzed. The expression patterns of the PIPs suggest these aquaporins play different roles in seed germination and seedling growth. Partial silencing of the water channel genes, OsPIP1;1 and OsPIP1;3, reduced seed germination while over-expression of OsPIP1;3 promoted seed germination under water-stress conditions. Moreover, spatial expression analysis indicates that OsPIP1;3 is expressed predominantly in embryo during seed germination. Our data also revealed that the nitric oxide (NO) donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), promoted seed germination; furthermore, the NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, inhibited germination and reduced the stimulative effects of SNP and GSNO on rice germination. Exogenous NO stimulated the transcription of OsPIP1;1, OsPIP1;2, OsPIP1;3 and OsPIP2;8 in germinating seeds. These results suggest that water channels play an important role in seed germination, acting, at least partly, in response to the NO signaling pathway.

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Apoplastic Synthesis of Nitric Oxide by Plant Tissues

Cited by 492 publications

References 45 publications

S-Nitrosylation — another biological switch like phosphorylation?

S-Nitrosylation — another biological switch like phosphorylation?

Hunting for Plant Nitric Oxide Synthase Provides New Evidence of a Central Role for Plastids in Nitric Oxide Metabolism

The role of water channel proteins and nitric oxide signaling in rice seed germination

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