Apoptosis and Carcinogenesis: Morphologic Observations in the Rat Bladder Treated with N‐Butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine

Zhang, Xianghua; Takenaka, Ikumasa

doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.1998.tb00601.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In wild-type tumors, there was an overall and statistically significant increase in apoptotic index in invasive versus noninvasive tumors (Fig. 3K, P = 0.002), which is consistent with a previous report on BBN-induced rodent bladder tumors (22). Interestingly, invasive tumors from Stat3-transgenic mice exhibit a significant reduction in apoptotic index, in comparison with invasive tumors from wild-type littermates (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Stat3 Activation in Urothelial Stem Cells Leads to Direct Progression to Invasive Bladder Cancer

et al. 2012

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Two subtypes of human bladder cancer, noninvasive papillary and muscle-invasive cancer, develop through independent pathologic and molecular pathways. Human invasive bladder cancer frequently develops without prior clinical evidence of a noninvasive tumor stage. However, an animal model that recapitulates this unique clinical progression of invasive bladder cancer has not yet been developed. In this study, we created a novel transgenic mouse model of invasive bladder cancer by targeting an active dimerized form of Stat3 to the basal cells of bladder epithelium. When exposed to the carcinogen nitrosamine, Stat3-transgenic mice developed invasive cancer directly from carcinoma in situ (CIS), bypassing the noninvasive papillary tumor stage. Remarkably, invasive bladder cancer driven by active Stat3 was predominantly composed of stem cells, which were characterized by cytokeratin 14 (CK14) staining and enhanced tumor sphere-forming ability. Active Stat3 was also shown to localize to the nucleus of human invasive bladder cancers that were primarily composed of CK14+ stem cells. Together, our findings show that Stat3-induced stem cell expansion plays a critical role in the unique clinical progression of invasive bladder cancer through the CIS pathway.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Stat3 Activation in Urothelial Stem Cells Leads to Direct Progression to Invasive Bladder Cancer

et al. 2012

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“…To examine the effects of gene injection and electroporation on bladder histology, sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the apoptotic cells assessed using an Apop Taq in situ apoptosis detection kit (Oncor, Gaithersburg, MD), as reported previously [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  In vivo transfer of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression vector into the rat bladder by electroporation

Iwashita¹,

Yoshida²,

Nishi³

et al. 2004

BJU International

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the isolated bladder and immunohistochemical staining used to detect nNOS; NO x released from isolated bladder strips was also assessed using microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTSFrom the luciferase assay, 45 V, 1 Hz, 50 ms and eight pulses were selected as the optimum conditions for electroporation. Bladder specimens with GFP genes injected by electroporation showed bright and numerous sites of GFP expression in the smooth muscle layer. In rats with the nNOS gene injected by electroporation there was marked nNOS immunoreactivity, and NO x released from bladder strips was significantly greater than in the control groups. CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that electroporation is a useful technique for in vivo gene transfer into rat bladder smooth muscles, and that the nNOS gene transferred by this procedure functionally expresses and contributes to NO production.

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“…Quantitative histological studies in the rat liver model have revealed that the rate of apoptosis tends to increase from normal to preneoplastic to malignant cells [66]. Comparative studies with the rat bladder have also suggested that apoptosis is closely linked to chemically induced carcinogenesis [67]. Additional support for this transition comes from a variety of other models [7].…”

Section: A Possible Mechanism Of Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Radiation from Cellphone Towers: A Potential Health Hazard for Birds, Bees, and Humans

Siddoo-Atwal¹

2018

Current Understanding of Apoptosis - Programmed Cell Death

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Microwave sickness syndrome was first identified in the 1950s by Soviet researchers. Symptoms included headache, fatigue, ocular dysfunction, dizziness, and sleep disorders. The main clinical manifestations were dermographism, tumors, blood changes, reproductive and cardiovascular abnormalities, depression, irritability, and memory impairment. Later in the 1970s, American researchers reported similar findings. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from modern cellphone towers is largely comprised of high-frequency radio waves or microwaves. The adverse biological effects of EMR from cellphone towers have been observed in birds, bees, and humans. The associated decline in fruit-eating seed dispersers such as wild birds and in insect pollinators such as bees could have serious consequences for human food production. In addition to noting this possible indirect effect of microwave radiation, a direct effect on human health was evaluated. According to a new approach to cancer risk assessment, based on an apoptotic model of carcinogenesis, it was determined that proximity to EMR from cellphone towers may pose a potential cancer risk in humans since microwave radiation can induce various apoptotic pathways leading to cell death in transformed human cell lines. The stimulation of cellular apoptosis resulting in deregulated cell proliferation is being increasingly linked to cancer and may provide a possible mechanism for microwave radiation carcinogenesis.

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Apoptosis and Carcinogenesis: Morphologic Observations in the Rat Bladder Treated with N‐Butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Stat3 Activation in Urothelial Stem Cells Leads to Direct Progression to Invasive Bladder Cancer

Stat3 Activation in Urothelial Stem Cells Leads to Direct Progression to Invasive Bladder Cancer

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  In vivo transfer of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression vector into the rat bladder by electroporation

Electromagnetic Radiation from Cellphone Towers: A Potential Health Hazard for Birds, Bees, and Humans

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Apoptosis and Carcinogenesis: Morphologic Observations in the Rat Bladder Treated with N‐Butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Stat3 Activation in Urothelial Stem Cells Leads to Direct Progression to Invasive Bladder Cancer

Stat3 Activation in Urothelial Stem Cells Leads to Direct Progression to Invasive Bladder Cancer

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED In vivo transfer of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression vector into the rat bladder by electroporation

Electromagnetic Radiation from Cellphone Towers: A Potential Health Hazard for Birds, Bees, and Humans

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  In vivo transfer of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression vector into the rat bladder by electroporation